Walt Disney Human Resource Practices - 2614 Words

The Walt Disney Corporation Human Resource Practices Shannon Breedlove MGMT 4242 December 8, 2011 Abstract Human resource management of an organization is an essential element of a company’s overall accomplishment of goals and business strategy. The Walt Disney Corporations has proven itself a leader in HR management over its eighty-eight years in the business. It has grown into a global company within the consumer services sector and the industry of media conglomerates. The paper will demonstrate the challenges Disney has had to face and continues to face in its HR department, as well as HR practices that are need to be implemented for continuous success for Disney. In the case of the Euro Disney Park human resource managements was†¦show more content†¦2011). With these goals Disney has become a leader in its sector. It has an earning growth of +14.55%, net profit margin of 11.76%, net revenue of $40.9 billion in 2011, and a market cap of $66.8 billion (DIS). Also, Disney employs 156K people up from the previous year of 149K. Some of Disney’s major competitors are Time Warner Incorporation, New Corporation, and Viacome Incorporation, yet Disney holds the leading sport with the highest market cap. The Walt Disney Corporation still has challenges it needs to figure out like economic downturn, union disputes, payroll issues, and blocks in international expansion (Johnson, 2011). SWAT Analysis Walt Disney Corporation has gained many strengths and opportunities throughout its existence, and minimized it’s weaknesses and threats. Disney is very adamant at diversifying its staff family by hiring people from all over the world (Weinstein, 2008). Schneider’s ASA Framework takes a great presence in Disney due to the hiring plan of positive energetic employees and the attraction those personalities to the company. Disney provides its employees with in-depth training process that can be done through hands-on training, classroom instructions, or computer based virtual training (Weinstein, 2008). Disney holds true to three beliefs when hiring: 1. â€Å"Hire best and letShow MoreRelatedWalt Disney Company954 Words   |  4 PagesWalt Disney Company Angela Pursel University of Phoenix COM 530/ Communications for Accountants Brent Smith March 21, 2011 Walt Disney Company Walt Disney is a well-known name in today’s society. Walt Disney once stated, â€Å"You can dream, create, design and build the most wonderful place in the world but it requires people to make the dream a reality† (Sparks, 2007). Marty Sklar, Vice Chairman and principal creative executive for Walt Disney Imagineering was quoted as saying, â€Å"FromRead MoreWhat Makes A Strategic Perspective Focuses On Those Compensation Choices That Help The Organization Gain And Sustain Competitive Advantage998 Words   |  4 Pagesorganization gain and sustain competitive advantage† (Milkovich, 2010). Values touches every stage of the human resources phase, from selection and recruitment, to feedback, evaluation, coaching, and exit interviews (Kaminsky, n.d.). In an ethnically diverse nation, the US is becoming more diverse every single day, â€Å"overcoming that characteristic of human nature is essential to success in human resource management† (Kaminsky, n .d.). In today’s business world and competitive economy, it is a rivalry toRead MoreWalt Disney Company : The World s Leading Manufacturer And Provider Of Information Entertainment Essay970 Words   |  4 Pages Introduction The Walt Disney Company is a U.S. entertainment and media corporation located in Burbank California. Walt Disney and his brother Roy have founded the mass media conglomeration on October 16, 1923 as a cartoon animation studio, and kept the official mascot of Mickey Mouse (Mink, 2007). The American amusement business’s annual revenue is about $45 billions, and employs 166,000 workers worldwide (Mink, 2007). Walt Disney has centered its business on TV shows, radioRead MoreCase Study : Disney s Best Practices1310 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Customers In this step, Disney Institute tries to gain a deeper understanding of whatever organization they are hired to assess and help prosper. They get information of how the company works by having personal interviews as well as requesting hard data. With this information, the institute will see what tactic is necessary to make the company a successful one. 2. Adapt and Apply Disney’s Best Practices Disney Institute uses real-world examples from The Walt Disney Company to associate the businessRead MoreEthics and Compliance Paper1576 Words   |  7 Pages University of Phoenix (online) Fin/370 Finance for Business The Financial World of Disney Everyone young or old recognizes the name Disney when mentioned. The theme park and vacation spots around the globe are famous for their attractions and tranquility; however, the customers of Disney do not know or care about the financial side of the financial giant. The 10K report is available to individuals wishing to view the document, howeverRead MoreThe Implications Of Business Ethics For Human Resource Management1457 Words   |  6 Pages1: What are the implications of business ethics for human resource management? Explain the potential role(s) of human resource managers in the ethical conduct of business. Provide examples where appropriate. Essay The concept of business ethics is gaining more and more attention from many different organisations. Business ethics relate to the ethical judgments of what is right and wrong in an organisation (Sparks et al. 2010, p.2). Human resource management in particular, demonstrates the implicationsRead MoreWalt Disney Company : An Ethical And Responsible Manner1446 Words   |  6 Pagesin both an ethical and responsible manner. At Walt Disney and Company, there are policies in place in order to protect employees and the conditions in which they work, and instruct employees on how to effectively do their job. On Disney’s official website, it is stated, â€Å"At The Walt Disney Company, our employees and cast members make the magic happen. We thrive to create an optimal employee experience while meeting our business needs (Human).† Disney strongly believes their culture and values reflectRead MoreDisney Organizational Behavior Essay2561 Words   |  11 PagesDisney Organizatio nal Behavior i Disney Organizational Behavior Axia College of the University of Phoenix MGT 245/Organizational Theory Behavior Bonetta Mozingo September 14, 2008 Disney Organizational Behavior 1 Walt Disney once said, â€Å"You can dream, create, design and build the most wonderful place in the world, but it requires people to make the dream a reality.† He realized early that the only way his company would be successful, and he couldRead MoreEthics and Compliance for Disney1555 Words   |  7 PagesFinancial Ratios and Ethics of Disney Finance for Business August 30, 2010 Financial Ratios and Ethics of Disney The Walt Disney Company is known far and wide as a major source of entertainment and the embodiment of family values. Throughout the years, Walt Disney studios have supplied millions with wholesome, child oriented entertainment with iconic characters such as Mickey Mouse, Snow White, and of course Alice in Wonderland. From humble beginnings, the Disney Company grew with leapsRead MoreThe Walt Disney Company and Pixar Inc. to Acquire or Not to Acquire?606 Words   |  3 PagesThe Walt Disney Company and Pixar Inc. To Acquire or Not to Acquire? Andrii Alekseienko Corporate Strategy Case Study 18 September, 2015 The Walt Disney Company and Pixar Inc. To Acquire or Not to Acquire? To answer the main question of the case, we must think of the main problems that it faces. We need to find the solution for Bob Iger. What to do with Disney: to make some improvements in the existed company to compete better with Pixar, or to make a deal with another studio? Or should

The Consumption Of Two Goods - 1165 Words

consumption of two goods In economics a consumer is described as a rational individual who wishes to maximise their utility by making rational choices. These choices appear when a consumer is exposed to two goods, where a given amount of one good substitutes the use of another one. To calculate how a consumer can achieve the optimal allocation of the two goods, an indifference curve is used and the analysis of an indifference curve can be combined with the budget constraint. For the consumer, some combinations are better than others for maximising utility, and the best combination is the optimal combination. Consumers have preferences about the goods they consume. Therefore, when faced with a choice of goods, the consumer must decide†¦show more content†¦Consumers wish to have a higher number of goods than less. If the consumer added another book to his bundle, he would have to sacrifice some water, in order to hold utility constant. One can calculate how many glasses of water the consumer is willing to sacrifice for another book without changing his total utility through the marginal rate of substitution. According to (BEGG et al., Economics, 11th edition, McGraw-Hill Education, 2014 ), the marginal rate of substitution between two goods measures the quantity of a good the consumer must sacrifice to increase the quantity of the other good by one unit without changing total utility. For example, if the consumer has 10 books and no water and he reads 9 of these books, he won’t enjoy the last one as much. Furthermore, by drinking no water the consumer will be very dehydrate d and won’t enjoy reading at all, and so the utility of this particular bundle would be extremely low. On the flip side, if the consumer drank a large amount of water and read few books. As a result, he would be reluctant to sacrifice his books for even more water. By and large, a consumer’s preferences exhibit the diminishing marginal rate of substitution, which means that when a consumer owns lot of one good, they will give up a comparatively large amount of it to get another good of which they have little. We use indifference curves to portray our hypothesesShow MoreRelatedPublic Goods Have Two Distinct Aspects : Nonexcludability And Nonrivalrous Consumption828 Words   |  4 Pages Public Goods Public goods have two distinct aspects: nonexcludability and nonrivalrous consumption. â€Å"Nonexcludability† is defined as the† cost of keeping nonpayers from enjoying the benefits of the good or service is prohibitive.† An example of such would be an entrepreneur who has a fireworks show. There are people who are able to view the show from their homes; window and backyard. Because the entrepreneur is unable to charge for consumption, the fireworks show may go unproduced, even if theRead MoreDistribution Of Goods And Services1728 Words   |  7 Pagessomething that can be utilized by people, which are the goods and services (Wikipedia, 2015). On the other hand, distribution refers to the manner in which these goods and services are sent or conveyed to the consumers (Tutor2u.net, n.d.). Alternatively, the term consumption can be described in various ways. According to Hill (n.d.), it is generally defined as a process of purchasing or buying those previously produ ced and distributed goods and services. These three terms are related to the economicRead MoreIndifference Curve Analysis1267 Words   |  6 Pagesconsumer chooses between two goods. In other words, how the change in the wage rate will affect the choice between leisure time and work time. Indifference analysis combines two concepts; indifference curves and budget lines (constraints) The indifference curve An indifference curve is a line that shows all the possible combinations of two goods between which a person is indifferent. In other words, it is a line that shows the consumption of different combinations of two goods that will give the sameRead MoreIntroduction â€Å"Consumerism is not only refers to consumer spending or the buying of consumer goods;1100 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction â€Å"Consumerism is not only refers to consumer spending or the buying of consumer goods; It is an ideology that an ever-increasing consumption of goods is beneficial to the economy.† Nowadays Australians like to go for shopping a lot and this behavior, to a great extent, is influenced by the tones of advertisement that people receive on a daily basis. It appears that people buy things that they need or at least they go for shopping things which they would expect to make them satisfiedRead MoreHow Planned And Perceived Obsolescence Invade Our Lives1255 Words   |  6 Pages and only 11% were recycled (Benton, Coats, and Hazell 4). Our culture has become one of consumption and products today are even designed and built with that in mind. Companies have secret weapons at work constantly behind the scenes: planned and perceived obsolescence. Jeremy Bulow who wrote extensively on the economic theory of planned obsolescence defined planned obsolescence as â€Å"the production of goods with uneconomically short useful lives so that customers have to make repeat purchases† (1);Read MoreThe Real Business Cycle Theory Model1534 Words   |  7 PagesThe two main m odels that draw most attention from the neoclassical period are the Solow model in the long run and the Real Business cycle incorporated with the Ramsey consumption or Euler equation in the short run. The Ramsey model in the short makes a more accurate depiction of what consumption and production in an economy would look like. The model in the short run follows a Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium; this type of model is more complex and allows for it to show economic growth inRead MoreInvestigating Correlation Coefficient Of Correlation1602 Words   |  7 PagesSo we want to test if the two variables are dependent or independent with one another. Assumption of Chi square must also be checked. e. Either I can compute for the mode of the distribution (for descriptive analysis) or I can use here z test for one sample mean, since I want to test if there is a significant difference between the grade of the group of students compared with a certain parameter.(for inferential analysis) 2. aWhat was the experimental design? The had two sets, consumers and non-consumersRead MoreModernization of Sugar Essay examples1236 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Modernization from Consumption of Sugar According to Wikipedia, â€Å"modernity† is defined as a post-traditional period that is marked by the move from feudalism towards capitalism and industrialism. From the sixteenth century through the nineteenth century, many countries and economies progressed towards a more modern environment. Many factors contributed to the push for modernity; however, the sugar industry exhibited major influence throughout the world. Once sugar cane was establishedRead MoreThe Current Standing Of The U.s. Economy1669 Words   |  7 Pages Gross Domestic Product (GDP), unemployment rate, inflation rate, foreign trade, consumer spending, business investment, and government spending will all be analyzed. This analysis will then lead to the projection of the U.S. economy for the first two quarters of 2016. U.S. Economy: Spring and Summer 2015 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) The Bureau of Economic Analysis showed output in the U.S. increasing at a rate of 2.3% for the second quarter of 2015 (Sharf, 2015). This is a 1.7% increase from theRead MoreJohn Maynard Keynes Absolute Income Hypothesis1481 Words   |  6 Pagesmuch of macroeconomic consumption theory rests with John-Maynard Keynes’ Absolute Income Hypothesis, described in The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1936). His findings lead to the conclusion that aggregate consumption is highly dependent upon disposable income; but also, as total income increased, the proportions of savings would increase, meaning one’s marginal propensity to consume (MPC) would decrease. Leading to the assumption that consumers’ consumption decisions are made only

Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice

Questions: 1. What are the four most common physical occupational hazards to the eye? 2. What are four common complications resulting from an industrial eye injury? 3. Is there any particular danger from wood particles aside from eye injuries and what industrial hygiene measures are need to protect employees from eye and other types of injuries from wood particles? Answers: 1. Eye injuries are a common occurrence in the industries and at workplaces and they vary in their way of occurrence and degree of severity. Different strategies have to be developed for protection of the eyes against irritating mists, optical radiation and flying fragments. The four most common physical occupational hazards to the eye are impact, heat, chemicals and dust (Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,54(1), 42-47, 5). The hazard of impact includes flying fragments like dirt, sand, particles, fragments and chips. This hazard is common for the tasks of sanding, riveting, powered fastening, chiseling, drilling sawing and wood-working. These sparks and objects are small but can lead to serious damage to the eye like contusions, abrasions and punctures. The hazard of heat includes the injuries due to burns that the eyes suffer when they are exposed to hot sparks, molten metal splashes and high temperatures. The workplace operations that make the eyes to these hazard s are the activities of furnace operations, hot dipping, casting and pouring. The hazard of chemicals is due to direct contact with them and occurs mainly due to the inappropriate selection of personal protective equipment (Workplace health safety,62(10), 400, 2). This occurs mainly in the form of fumes or vapors, mists and splash. The hazard of dust is very difficult to avoid and it is prevalent at the most in the operations of buffing and woodworking. A dusty environment can result in eye injuries and can cause hazards especially to the wearers of contact lens. Protection from these eye hazards can be obtained by wearing safety spectacles having side shields and goggles. Face shields can provide additional protection when the hazard is much more severe. Anti-fog coatings can provide better-viewing facilities in case of vapors and high-temperature situations. However, in case of any eye accident, first aid relief should be provided immediately to prevent any further damage to the eyes. 2. A workplace eye injury can happen due to the occupational hazards of impact, heat, chemicals and dust. It can range from a minor symptom to loss of the eye or permanent loss of vision. The four common complications resulting from an industrial eye injury are subconjunctival hemorrhage, corneal abrasions, traumatic iritis and hyphemas with orbital blowout fractures. Subconjunctival hemorrhage or bleeding accompanies any eye injury where blood collects on the sclera of the eye. The intensity of subconjunctival hemorrhage is not necessarily related to the degree of injury. Corneal abrasions result in a traumatic defect or scratch on the corneal surface. Patients suffering from corneal abrasions experience the feeling of being poked in the eyes with pointed objects (Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice,42(3), 363-375, 4). They may also develop that feeling that they might have worn their contact lens for a long time. Traumatic iritis occurs in a similar manner as of corneal abrasi on but can result from the hitting of a blunt object. The iris of the eye is inflamed and can result in significant pain with reduced movement of the eye. Hyphemas with orbital blowout fractures is caused due to the significant hitting of a blunt object to the eye and affects the surrounding structures. This injury can also result from a sudden fall and can result in laceration of the sclera and cornea. Bleeding with pain due to the fracture are caused due to this injury and can severely damage the eye. Most of these industrial eye injuries share few common symptoms that include sensitivity to light or photophobia, distorted or blurred vision, increased production of tears in the eyes, inflamed and red eye with deep pain (Indian journal of ophthalmology,61(9), 497, 6). Superficial injuries to the eyes are usually minor injuries, however, the area surrounding the eye is easily bruised and therefore, they may appear to be worse than actually they are. 3. Apart from eye injuries, wood particles and dust can have several other hazards that include serious health problems like asthma. Dust of hardwood can cause nose cancer on prolonged periods of inhalation of the dust and settled dust is comprised of fine particles that are prone to damage the lungs. Cutting and sanding releases the maximum amount of wood particles and can cause mucosal with allergic and non-allergic respiratory symptoms. The invisible fine dust continues to float in the air and lingers even after stopping the tools from running. These invisible wood particles enter the lungs by inhalation and can cause tiny scarring and wounds to the lungs (Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery,28(4), 237-246, 8). Immediately, the effects are not noticeable, however, over a long duration of time, the lung capacity significantly decreases and can lead to a number of issues of health. The primary symptoms of inhalation are coughing, sneezing, itching, rashes and bre athing problems. Several industrial measures are in place to protect the employees from eye and other injuries caused by wood particles and these are based on good work practices and local exhaust ventilation (Annals of occupational hygiene, mes 112, 3). These measures aim at protecting the employees against health hazards and controlling the exposure to wood dust. The employees should avoid the unnecessary inhalation of wood dust and should use a dust respirator. Skin problems can be avoided by good personal hygiene and wearing of gloves can significantly reduce splinters and skin abrasion. The species of the wood should be well known to avoid allergenic problems and the employees should be well trained and receive safeguards for working with hazardous chemicals (Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry, 133, 4). The cutting tools should be kept sharp and in good working condition for avoiding excess burning and friction of the wood. Unnecessary stirring and blowing of dust during cleani ng operations should be avoided and suction or vacuum collection devices are preferable for blowing operations. References Ahmed, F., House, R. J., Feldman, B. H. (2015). Corneal abrasions and corneal foreign bodies.Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice,42(3), 363-375. Blackburn, J., Levitan, E. B., MacLennan, P. A., Owsley, C., McGwin Jr, G. (2012). A case-crossover study of risk factors for occupational eye injuries.Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine,54(1), 42-47. Darouiche, M. H., Baccari, T., Hammami, K. J., Triki, L., Masmoudi, M. L. (2014). Keratitis after corneal projection of biological fluids: a possible occupational prejudice?.Workplace health safety,62(10), 400. Hagstrm, K., Schlnssen, V., Eriksson, K. (2016). Exposure to Softwood Dust in the Wood Industry.Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry, 133. Magagnotti, N., Nannicini, C., Sciarra, G., Spinelli, R., Volpi, D. (2013). Determining the exposure of chipper operators to inhalable wood dust. Annals of occupational hygiene, mes112. Muala, A., Nicklasson, H., Boman, C., Swietlicki, E., Nystrm, R., Pettersson, E., ... Lndahl, J. (2015). Respiratory Tract Deposition of Inhaled Wood Smoke Particles in Healthy Volunteers.Journal of aerosol medicine and pulmonary drug delivery,28(4), 237-246. Serinken, M., Turkcuer, I., Cetin, E. N., Yilmaz, A., Elicabuk, H., Karcioglu, O. (2013). Causes and characteristics of work-related eye injuries in western Turkey.Indian journal of ophthalmology,61(9), 497.

LUNG CANCER Essays - Cancer, Clinical Medicine, Lung Cancer, Health

LUNG CANCER WHAT IS LUNG CANCER? Lung cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the lung. Normal lung tissue is made up of cells that are programmed by nature to create lungs of a certain shape and function. Sometimes the instructions to a cell go haywire and that cell and its offspring reproduce wildly, without regard for the shape and function of a lung. That wild reproduction can form tumours that clog up the lung and make it stop functioning as it should. Because of the large size of the lungs, cancer may grow for many years, undetected, without causing suspicion. In fact, lung cancer can spread outside the lungs without causing any symptoms at all. The majority of people who get lung cancer have been cigarette smokers, but not all people who smoke get lung cancer, many people who have never smoked before still get it. Some causes of lung cancer can include smoking, air pollution, vitamin A deficiency or genetic factors. SYMPTOMS OF LUNG CANCER Here are some symptoms of lung cancer -A cough is one of the more common symptoms and is likely to happen when a tumour grows and blocks an air passage. -Chest, shoulder, or back pain is another. -Shortness of breath, fatigue, repeated pneumonia or bronchitis, coughing up blood or swelling of the neck and face. The graph below shows some more symptoms and the frequency of each. THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF LUNG CANCER The type of cells found in a tumour determines the kind of cancer. The two main types of lung cancer are small cell and non-small cell. The term's small cell and non- small cell refer to the type of cell a doctor can see under the microscope, not to the size of the tumour. There are more than a dozen different kinds of lung cancer. Small cell carcinoma (also called oat cell carcinoma) This cancer usually starts in one of the larger breathing tubes, grows fairly rapidly, and is likely to be large by the time of diagnosis. Non small cell lung cancer: is made up of the following three subtypes: -Epidermoid carcinoma This cancer usually starts in one of the larger breathing tubes and grows relatively slowly. The size of these tumours can range from very small to quite large. -Adenocarcinoma carcinoma This lung cancer starts growing near the outside surface of the lung and may vary in both size and growth rate. Some slowly growing adenocarcinomas are call alveolar cell cancer. -Large cell carcinoma Starts near the surface of the lung, grows rapidly, and is usually large when diagnosed. The names of some of the uncommon types of lung cancer are carcinoid, cylindroma, mucoepidermoid, and malignant mesothelioma. Only about 5% to 10% of lung cancers are of these types. WHO GETS LUNG CANCER Studies show that people living in the United Kingdom have the highest risk of developing lung cancer the reason being is that the UK is a very industrialised country. People at the highest risk of receiving lung cancer include: -Those living in a Westernised society. - Those who smoke. - Those who are 60 or over. - Those who live in an urban environment. TREATMENT Treatment for non-small cell cancer is usually surgery. The only times when an operation will not be useful is if: 1. The cancer has spread outside the chest. 2. If the cancer is pressing on the major airways of the chest. 3. If the cancer is invading the trachea. 4. If the cancer is invading the heart or major blood vessels. 5. If there is fluid around the lung. 6. Or if there is loss of voice. Treatment of small-cell lung cancer can be chemotherapy, radiotherapy, surgery or immunotherapy. At the moment many scientists are trying to find a more reliable technique in curing lung cancer.

Affection and sexuality Essay Example

Affection and sexuality Essay Example Affection and sexuality Essay Affection and sexuality Essay Essay Topic: The Second Sex Abused and neglected children have a more complex development than a normal child. There are two types of parent-child relationship that affects the development of abused and neglected children: conflict and neglect, and physical or sexual abuse. For the first type, the children develop impaired bonding, emotional deprivation and role reversal. For the second type, children develop impaired decision-making skills and imbalanced differentiation between affection and sexuality. Throughout the developmental stages from pregnancy and birth to the child’s growing up years, the parental and societal culture that the child needs to live up with brings conflicting values and meanings the child misinterprets and uses wrongly. During pregnancy and birth, the development is stunted because of the neglect of parents on the basic developmental needs of their child such as being cared for. The primary problem with an abusive parent is the desire for control. And because bringing a child into the world may cause disillusionment since they focus on how the child will love them not the other way around, the strain starts in the relationship. Aside from the mother’s changes in her perceptions and worldviews brought about by childbirth, the father also experiences the same changes. This can affect the relationship between the parents, which can affect that of the child’s relationship with his parents. Without a support system, parents fail to realize the much needed models for emulation of parenthood. Because these parents are so caught up with their expectations and needs, they tend to ignore or fail to realize the needs of their children, resulting to the child’s stunted development. The child’s ability to adapt and cope with his environment is based on how his environment treats him. Children learn by emulating what they see and if their environment is neglectful, then they will fail to develop the necessary qualities that will help them develop into better beings in the future. Abuse and neglect impede in necessary development of the child.

Appropriate Consequences for Student Misbehavior

Appropriate Consequences for Student Misbehavior Students will misbehave in class. As teachers, we might not be able to stop all forms of misbehavior before they start. However, we have complete control over our own reactions to student behavioral issues. Therefore, we must choose our responses wisely, making sure that they are appropriate and logical. The old adage, the punishment must fit the crime, is especially true in a classroom setting. If you choose something illogical, students will learn less than if your response directly relates to the situation, or they might miss out on important information being taught in class that day. Following are a series of situations that have been chosen to illustrate appropriate responses in your classroom to help establish behavior management. Note that these are not the only appropriate responses, but instead chosen to show the difference between appropriate and inappropriate consequences. A student uses a cell phone for non-academic purposes. Appropriate: Tell the student to put the phone away.Inappropriate: Confiscate the cell phone.Explanation: A cell phone policy should be clearly stated in the student handbook and reviewed with students whenever there is an infraction. Teachers should record repeat offenders in order to share that the student is distracted in class with parents. Rules should be designed to meet the needs of students while addressing educators’ concerns. Some districts allow teachers a choice to make the decision by clearly posting if students can use their devices. Information on the webiste  Common Sense Media can help teachers plan for device use that considers digital citizenship and student safety. Regardless, digital devices like cell phones should only be used in class when there are specific goals in mind, critical thinking, collaboration, advancement, and equity. A student is late to class. Appropriate - The student misses the daily starter or do-now activity and could lose any points associated with this activity.Inappropriate - The teacher ignores the situation, and the student has no consequences for their tardiness.Explanation - Tardiness is a big deal, especially if left unchecked. Teachers should have a tardy policy in place to deal with problem tardies. Having a daily do now or warm up is one way to give students an immediate benefit for being to class on time. One note of caution, a student who is frequently tardy could build up a large number of zeros for not completing the warm-up activity. In this case, the warm-up activity could be used for extra credit points. There is a differemce between grading for ability and grading for behavior. A student does not bring in his or her homework. Appropriate - Depending on the school policy, the student could lose points off their homework assignment. The student could also receive a lower rating in academic behavior.Inappropriate - A lack of homework results in the student failing the class.Explanation -Homework is done outside of the control of the classroom. For this reason, many schools are deciding not to penalize missing homework. If teachers grade only in-class or summative assessments, then the grade accurately reflects what students know. However, keeping track of homework for completion can be valuable information to share with parents. National Education Association (NEA) suggests that all stakeholders (teachers, parents, and students) work together in any effort to set homework policies. A page on the NEA website states: Policies should address the purposes of homework; amount and frequency; school and teacher responsibilities; student responsibilities; and, the role of parents or others who assist students with homework. A student does not have materials (pen, calulator) needed for class. Appropriate - The teacher provides the student with a pen or pencil in exchange for collateral. For example, the teacher might hold on to one of the students shoes to ensure that the pen or pencil is returned at the end of the class.Inappropriate - The student does not have materials and cannot participate.Explanation - Students who can not finish any classwork without materials. Extrae quipment (calculators) orsupplies should be available in class. A student does not have their book in class. Appropriate - The student does not have a textbook during the lesson for the day.Inappropriate - The teacher gives the student a textbook to use without comment.Explanation - If textbooks are required in your day-to-day classroom, it is important for students to remember their texts. It is a rare situation where you have more than a couple of extra textbooks in your class. If students accidentally take an extra text with them, you will have most likely have lost that text forever. A student does not raise their hand but calls out answers instead. Appropriate - The teacher does not respond to the student who calls out and does not call on them.Inappropriate - The teacher allows individuals to answer without having to raise their hands.Explanation - Requiring students to raise their hands is an important part of wait time and effective questioning techniques. If you do not continuously uphold this rule, then students will no longer raise their hands in class. A student uses a curse word in class. Appropriate - The teacher reprimands the student saying, Do not use that language.Inappropriate - The teacher ignores the curse word.Explanation - Profanity should have no place in the classroom. If you ignore it, students will take note and will continue to use it in class. Note: Realize that if the profanity was used against someone else in the class, a form of bullying or harrassment, the consequences should be greater than if a curse word just slips out. Record the event.

Discrimination in Gtan Torino Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discrimination in Gtan Torino - Essay Example The 2008 film Gtan Torino, which stares Clint Eastwood exhibits a high level of cultural diversity. However, Walt Kowalski, who is the main character and protagonist in the movie, shows high level of resistance to the abundant cultural diversity. He is filled with stereotypes and prejudice on the cultural units he desists. Kowalski lives a rather miserable life, as he is haunted by memories of the people he killed in the war in Korea, when he was in the military. His wife also dies, he is not in good terms with his children and family, and does not get along with the neighbours. Therefore, his is a solitary life, which he lives with his dog.   Kowalski is an angry veteran, who hates and despises Koreans. He also hates and despises his neighbours, who are Hmongs. He treats them in an ill manner, abuses them, and considers them barbaric and uncivilized.   Stereotyping, which is a form of discriminating is wrong, and most of the time, does not depict the true picture of the person o r group being discriminated against. Stereotypes are false perceptions about a group of people, which outsiders hold about them. Nonetheless, unless one interacts with certain people, and learns their way living and doing things, then holding any type of stereotypes about them is wrong. In this film, Kowalski has various stereotypes about most Asian ethnic groups. For instance, he believed that all Chinese people cooked and fed on dogs as a meal. Nonetheless, his neighbours were Hmongs.... In this film, Kowalski has various stereotypes about most Asian ethnic groups. For instance, he believed that all Chinese people cooked and fed on dogs as a meal. Nonetheless, his neighbours were Hmongs, who are an Asian ethnic group from parts of China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. Kowalski therefore, despises his neighbours, and thinks they too cook and eat dogs. However, when he finally establishes a close relationship with them, he realizes that they prepare and eat good and decent meals, just like him. This therefore, proves his stereotype against them wrong. Discrimination against a certain group of people based on their race might make one to miss special opportunities of exploring and getting in touch with human diversity. One might fail to see the good side of the people whom they discriminate against. This is because; those who discriminate against others are less likely to associate with them, as they regard them to be less important. Therefore, discrimination is wrong, si nce it denies one the opportunity to experience and benefit from a different cultural group. In this film, Kowalski is a lonely old man, who does not have company, as even his own children do not like being around him, and even plan to take him to a retirement village. Nonetheless, when Kowalski gets in close association with his neighbours, through the young Sue and Thao, he begins to learn many positive facts about the Hmong people, which he never imagined, as he had belittled the Hmongs and other Asian ethnic groups. Although one might consider their ethnic group as superior, compared to others, there might be many factors, which the other groups that are perceived less powerful, have, that

Biotechnology Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Biotechnology - Movie Review Example That it does not necessarily follow that a superior gene can guarantee success such as the case of Jerome Eugene Morrow who had an excellent genetic predisposition but has poor coping mechanism in the vicissitudes of life that made him a literal â€Å"invalid† due to a failed suicide. This induced aversion to Gattaca’s overemphasis to genes inadvertently drew the audience to Vincent to become more sympathetic with his effort to become an astronaut. The rhetorical strategy of using ethos or the elevation of the character to get the audience to Vincent’s side was very prominent in the film. This is especially obvious in scenes where Vincent beat his brother Anton, who has a superior genetic make than him, in â€Å"Chicken† swimming contest because Vincent is more determined to win by not leaving anything to get back. In the street also where Vincent had to cross without the contact lenses revealed Vincent’s determination to realize his goal as it was shown in the film that he cannot almost see anything yet he still crossed it. This was Vincent’s main selling point in the film that would contrast him from Gattaca’s over reliance on predetermined genetic make-up. In highlighting his qualities such as his persistence, determination, will and discipline, Vincent showed character which is not determined by genetics but is a more important determinant in making an individual a success. Early in the film, Vincent’s experience of being discriminated that emboldened him to persist in realizing his dream is the film’s usage of pathos or emotional appeal for the audience to side with Vincent. Andrew Niccol knows that is our nature to be sympathetic with the underdogs and the oppressed and being such, this was thoroughly exploited in the film Gattaca for the audience to connect with the main protagonist, the invalid who beat valids

Marthas Vineyard Essay Example for Free

Marthas Vineyard Essay Abstract I chose Martha’s Vineyard as the subject of my School Context Paper. Martha’s Vineyard is New England’s largest resort island and lies seven miles off the coast of Cape Cod in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. It is accessible by ferry or plane only. The island is roughly one hundred square miles with 124.6 miles of tidal shoreline. Martha’s Vineyard has a year-round population of about twenty thousand residents that grows to one hundred thousand in the summer with an additional twenty five thousand visitors coming and going on the ferries every day. There are six towns that makeup the island; Aquinnah, Chilmark, Edgartown, Oak Bluffs, West Tisbury and Vineyard Haven (also known as Tisbury). The island is best known for its miles of beautiful beaches, quaint villages and natural beauty. On the vineyard there is only one regional high school which offers a vocational program for its students along with five public elementary schools, one public charter school, several private pre- schools and an active home schooling network. The school system also provides for children with special needs from ages three to twenty two. Assignment 2: School Context Paper I chose Chilmark, a village located on Martha’s Vineyard to write my paper on. Martha’s Vineyard is located about seven miles off the coast of Cape Cod. It is a triangular shaped island that is nine miles wide and twenty three miles long with a total land area of approximately one hundred square miles and 124.6 miles of tidal shoreline. You can travel by ferry to reach the island, which takes about forty five minutes from the mainland, or you can take a plane that will fly you to the only airport on the island located in its center. It is New England’s largest resort island. There are six towns (or villages) on the island; Aquinnah, Chilmark, Edgar Town, Oak Bluff, West Tisbury and Vineyard Haven. There is one regional high school, one public charter school and five public elementary schools serving the Vineyard. These are administered through the office of the Superintendent of Schools. The All-Island School Committee is composed of members from all of the towns. The Up-Island Regional District committee hires the superintendent and oversees shared programs that serve all Island schools. These resources are available through Central Administration: Superintendent of Schools, Assistant Supt. for Curriculum Instruction, Director of Student Support Services, Assistant to the Superintendent for Business Affairs, Financial Administrative Assistants, Administrative Secretary, Business Secretaries, Treasurer, Grant Administrator, Receptionist/Clerk and Special Education Secretary. Special Services are available such as: Title 1 Coordinator, Early Childhood Coordinator/Consultant, Occupational Therapists, School Psychologists, Speech Pathologists, Autism Specialist and ELL Director. Chapter 766 provides for the educational needs of children with special needs. The school system provides for every child, regardless of handicap, between the ages of 3 and 22. The law requires parental involvement and a network of services including that of a school psychologist, occupational therapist, and psychiatric and nursing services under the direction of a special education administrator. The school system also operates a special needs preschool, called Project Headway (http://www.mvy.com/Vineyard_Community/Public_School.aspx August 2012). I chose Chilmark’s school system and the Up-island Regional District as my area of focus. The Population of Chilmark was eight hundred and ninety four as of July 2009 with the estimated median household income of fifty seven thousand, one hundred and eight dollars. The major business of Chilmark is construction with Carpentry being the most popular occupation. The Chilmark School serves students in grades K-5. Chilmark students in grades 6-8 attend the West Tisbury School and Martha’s Vineyard Regional High School serves grades 9-12 for the whole island. Students can also apply to The Vineyard Public Charter School. The enrollment indicators for these schools are as follows; Chilmark Elementary School enrolled fifty two students, W. Tisbury enrolled three hundred and twenty five students for grades pre k thru 8, Martha’s Vineyard Regional High School enrolled six hundred and sixty nine students and The Vineyard Public Charter School enrolled one hundred and eighty one students for the 2011-2012 school year. Chilmark’s Public Elementary/Middle School Mission Statement states that,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Chilmark Elementary School is committed to equipping students with the tools they need for academic, personal and social achievement. Chilmark Elementary School enables every student to reach their highest potential by establishing a curriculum that meets or exceeds government standards for education; providing extracurricular programs that develop children’s’ mental, physical and social skills; and partnering with parents and the community to create an environment geared to the success of all students†( http://massachusetts.webschoolpro.com/chilmark-elementary-school_MA00707740010/mission.htmlAugust 2012). West Tisbury’s School Mission Statement states that â€Å"The West Tisbury School staff strives to provide a solid academic foundation, to inspire a love of learning for the sake of learning, to foster an understanding of basic human values with a working knowledge of the rights and responsibilities associated with those values, and to promote independent thinking through cooperative and inclusive learning while maintaining the unique values of our diverse, rural island community. We strive: To teach solid academic skills, to instill a love of learning and to promote an understanding of human values† (http://wtisburyschool.org/modules/cms/pages.phtml?pageid=225325SID August 2012). Martha’s Vineyard Regional High School’s Mission Statement states that â€Å"Martha’s Vineyard Regional High School will provide a safe, active teaching and learning environment where students strive for academic excellence and endeavor to achieve the high level of intellectual and interpersonal skills needed for success in a culturally diverse society. Each student’s educational experience will prepare him/her to be a self-confident lifelong learner, able to set and achieve individual goals, and to become a contributing member of a humane and democratic society (http://www.mvrhs.org/pos/POS-2011-2-Eng.pdf1August 2012). The Martha’s Vineyard Public Charter School is a K-12 public school. Families do not pay tuition. An application is filled out and then the student body is drawn from a lottery. The mission statement of the Martha’s Vineyard Public Charter School states that â€Å"It is the mission of The Martha’s Vineyard Public Carter School to create a public school that will  cultivate life-long learners in a multi-aged, project-based setting. To this  end, each student in the K-12 school works from a personal education plan that sets specific obtainable and challenging goals. In addition to meeting the state mandated curriculum frameworks, students experience a rich array of other educational arenas outside of the academic classroom. The entire Island serves as campus where an educational alliance of parents, educators, businesses, artisans and community services is formed† (http://www.mvy.com/Vineyard_Community/Marthas_Vineyard_Public_Charter_School.aspx August 2012). The chart below shows some of the MCAS ratings for the school year 2010-2011: Massachusetts Elementary School Rankings 3rd, 4th Grades Combined MCAS English Language Arts MCAS Mathematics 2010-2011 Rank* (of 895) School District City Tisbury Elementary Tisbury Vineyard Haven HighGrade Total students (2010) Student/ Teacher Ratio (2010) MCAS, avg Mathematics** (2011) 8 305 8.2 88.5 MCAS, avg English Language Arts** (2011) MCAS Combined Rank Change from 2011) 86.5 175.0 up 23 School District City W. Tisbury ElementaryUp island Regional West Tisbury HighGrade Total students (2010) Student/ Teacher Ratio (2010) MCAS, avg Mathematics** (2011) 8 276 7.8 79.5 MCAS, avg English Language Arts** (2011 MCAS Combined Rank Change from 2010 82.0 165.9 down 19 (http://www.schooldigger.com/go/MA/schoolrank.aspx August 2012 Reference List http://www.mvy.com/Vineyard_Community/Town_Information.aspx http://www.mvy.com/Vineyard_Community/Public_Schools.aspx http://www.mvy.com/Vineyard_Community/Education.aspx http://www.mvrhs.org/pos/POS-2011-2-Eng.pdf http://profiles.doe.mass.edu/state_report/enrollmentbygrade.aspx http://www.city –data.cim/city/Chilmark-Massachusetts.html http://massachusetts.webschoolpro.com/chilmark-elementary-school_MA00707740010/mission.html http://profiles.doe.mass.edu/mcas/performance_level.aspx?linkid=32orgcode=07740010orgtypecode=6 http://www.schooldigger.com/go/MA/schoolrank.aspx http://wtisburyschool.org/modules/cms/pages.phtml?pageid=225325SID http://www.mvy.com/Vineyard_Community/Marthas_Vineyard_Public_Charter_School.aspx

Role of the States In Health Care Policy Essay -- States Role in Heal

The government’s responsibilities concerning health care has grown over the last 100 years. After the Great Depression, Social Security was formed; and in the 1960s, Medicare and Medicaid were enacted. Federal responsibilities grew until the â€Å"New Federalism† of the 1990s increased reliance on the states for health care (Longest, 2010, pp. 30-33). Smaller, more local government can represent its citizen’s values better, and it knows the nature of its citizens’ problems. The New Federalism did not significantly change health policy; it gave the states more authority in setting policy and more flexibility in administering programs (Longest, 2010, pp. 30-33). States and localities became the primary authorities in regard to health and welfare benefits. While the states welcome the increase in policy flexibility, the rising costs of healthcare and welfare put constraints on state budgets. As a result, states and localities are being forced to become more creative. Although Medicaid continues to place an enormous fiscal burden on states, programs like Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) have proven to be successful in terms of appropriately expanding benefits while reducing caseloads (Longest, 2010, pp. 30-33). States continue to serve as the primary distributors of social service benefits, but decreasing federal support, uncertain state economies, and the increasing need to provide long-term care to healthcare recipients are placing overwhelming burdens on states to maintain and expand existing programs. The role of the states in protecting and promoting the health of the population is broad and complex, but can be described within six broad functions: (1) guardians of the public’s health, (2) purchasers of healthcare servi... ...s that relies on data from assessment and monitoring activities, surveys and reporting systems, and projection techniques. Then, this data must be transformed into meaningful information to support effective policy decisions (Longest, 2010, pp. 29-57). Health policies should bridge the gaps between the current situation and desired outcomes without the financial influence of lobbyists. References Indiana State Department of Health. (n.d.). Retrieved August 20, 2011, from http://www.in.gov/isdh/ Longest, B. B., Jr. (2010). The context and process of health policymaking. In T. D. McBride (Ed.), Health policy making in the United States (5th ed., pp. 30-33). Chicago, IL: Health Adminstration Press. Maurer, F., & Smith, C. (2005). Community/public health nursing practice: Health for families and populations (3rd ed.). Retrieved from http://books.google.com

Mindful Wonders of Temple Grandin Essay

The mind is an endless space of possibilities that people usually take for granted. But this was definitely not the case for Temple Grandin. Despite her learning disability, Temple discovered her own exceptional way of thinking. The movie shows us all the different examples in which Temple uses her unique mind for the better. By describing Temple’s appearance and persona, we can try to better understand how looks and character of a person won’t change their intellect. Through discussion of her distinctive ways of learning, I will be able to relate them to my own learning styles which are similar to Temple’s. The movie â€Å"Temple Grandin,† begins with Temple on her way to visit her aunt for the summer where she will be working with the horses and cows in their ranch. Since the beginning, the film had been showing Temple’s interest in animals. While observing the ranch, she notices a machine that hugs the cows and calms their nerves. Then, one day Temple had a panic attack; Temple thinks of the â€Å"hugging device† and places herself in the machine. To her surprise, it instantly calms her. Since she was young, she always felt uncomfortable with any human contact, including her own mother’s touch and affection. From there on out, the device substitutes as a human â€Å"hug† for Temple. After that summer, It was time for Temple to go to college, in which she hesitantly and nervously agreed to her mother’s request. When Temple arrived at her dorm, she had another panic attack. Her mother immediately knew that she had to give her some space and so she went outside. A recollection appeared, revealing Temple’s diagnosis of autism when she was younger. During the diagnosis at the doctor’s office, the mother was in disbelief when the doctor explained that it was her cold and distant actions towards Temple which caused her to be this way. The doctor also suggested placing Temple in a mental institution, which enraged the mother even more and decided to take care of Temple herself which led to where they were now. Temple decided to stay in college despite her anxiety. She remembers the device that calmed her back at the ranch and decided to build one for herself. With the machine at hand, Temple was able to cope with the stresses of college life. Even with all the benefits it gave Temple, the school forced her to get rid of it. For some reason, the school board thought it was used for a sexual purpose. After a short break from school, her aunt decided to help her persuade the school to let her keep the machine. To prove the real usage of her machine, Temple surveyed several students. She asked them to try out the machine and tell her how they felt using it. Temple did eventually prove that the machine was and is only used for personal calming purposes; the school then allowed her to keep it in her dorm. With that, Temple is now able to function well in school. Afterward, the film shows Temple’s old high school where she didn’t really seem to fit in. Just when most of the teachers felt hopeless for Temple, a teacher named Dr. Carlock saw something in Temple and decided to help her. Little by little, Dr. Carlock discovers Temple’s unique abilities and notices her strong interest in science. With encouragement from Dr. Carlock and her family, Temple finally graduated from college and started working at a ranch. She notices all the pros and cons of the ranch’s current routine working with the cattle. With Temple’s unique mind, she tries to change the slaughterhouse so that it would be more efficient and humane. During her efforts in doing so, she receives several gender discriminations from her fellow ranchers. Such as banning her from the ranch, spoiling her vehicle with cattle meat, and even just ignoring her altogether. But, with her strong will, she chose to ignore these nuisances and kept trying until someone notices. Some men finally studied her plans and considered her intentions. All her efforts paid off when they built one of her blueprints and tried it with the cattle. The success of the experiment opened up more opportunities to her, like being in a well-known local magazine and soon, being known in the whole ranch/cattle world as well. By the end of the movie, Temple and her mother attends a gathering of all the people who are affected by autism. Temple tells people how she overcame her own difficulties with school and with life in general. Everyone was so amazed by her situation that they coached her into talking in front of the whole audience. Temple Grandin is definitely not just your average cowgirl. She certainly shows a higher way of thinking than most of us could even imagine. Striking people with her average appearance, nobody would even have a clue of what her mind is really capable of. Temple has thick, curly, reddish-brown hair which goes fine with her well-structured and all American facial structure. She is also average in height, which might be between the lines of 5’3 to 5’6. As far as clothing goes, Temple has her own interesting sense of style. She definitely carries the cowboy shirt, tie, and a pair of the typical blue jeans very well. This regular outfit of hers definitely goes with her relaxed and cowboy persona; this ended up being her signature look as well. Temple is a very sweet and well-mannered girl. Although, she did not like being touched, even by her own mother, she shows how she cares for others by talking in her relaxed and reassuring tone. Another admiring trait that she has is her strong sense of will. She trained herself to be good at something and worked really hard at it. Her goal is to sell her work, rather than selling herself. Temple’s imaginative and detail-oriented mind allowed her to think of things other people would not. Being a visual thinker that she is, she sorts things into different specific categories, so this allows her to see each and every detail that would and would not work logically for a specific system. An example of this would be the times in the movie where she tries to feel and experience what cattle are going through. One amazing power that Temple’s mind possesses is the ability to remember every single detail of every single thing she encounters every single day. Basically, Temple doesn’t think how most of us usually do; we mostly overgeneralize, which is thinking top to bottom. Temple, on the other hand, thinks from the bottom to the top. Temple Grandin’s appearance never hindered her descriptive ability when it comes to learning and working with animals. A descriptive portrayal of a person, in this case, of Temple Grandin, can never outweigh a person’s capabilities and outlook of his/her life. The themes of the movie are very distinct. Since the beginning of the film, we notice Temple’s anxieties from one thing to another. Starting with her fear of new places and situations, such as the time when she first got to her aunt’s ranch, the first time she got to her college dorm, and opening doors to new and unfamiliar places. Fear is a big part of Temple’s story because it shows the different ways she overcame them. At first, she thought of change negatively. She assumed that new things would inflict more stress and anxiety in her. Due to this, she created the â€Å"hugging machine† that she once observed being used in her aunt’s ranch. Meeting Dr. Carlock dramatically changed Temple’s view of new things. He taught her that every door opens to new opportunities and that she just had to go through them. Ever since then, Temple built up all the courage she could gain and did as she was told. As a result, she went through a number of doors which led her to amazing opportunities such as meeting people who had connections to slaughterhouse owners and the beginning of her long-awaited future. Another factor that led Temple to endure and overcome her fears is the amount of perseverance she had within her. Her determination to get things done is unbelievable. It almost seemed like giving up was never the choice for Temple. Even at times, where she didn’t have a choice she made ways. For instance, Temple was cruelly discriminated for being a female working in a â€Å"male environment† by spoiling her truck with bull testicles and eventually banning her from entering the ranch. However, with Temple’s brilliant mind she came up with the best ideas to make the ranch allow her back in. She observed all the people that were allowed in that particular ranch and noticed that they only permitted the stereotypical â€Å"ranch men† and â€Å"special personnel† to come inside. With that in mind, she traded her car with a pickup truck, in which she purposely ruined, changed her wardrobe into a more male-friendly style and convinced the local newspaper to give her a badge. To her surprise, the ranch let her in without the slightest suspicion that she was actually a female. Another example would be the time where she needed a blueprint made, but the draftsman was very busy and she didn’t have time to wait. As determined as she was, Temple knew what her mind can do so she observed the draftsman working on other blueprints. She watched closely as he carefully drew them with great precision. Soon after that, she found herself making her own blueprints accurately enough that later on, a meeting of slaughterhouse officials gathered around her self-made blueprints and were practically stunned with what she had in store for them. Temple’s ways of overcoming her fears and willpower despite her autism only broadened my admiration for her. With her unique way of thinking, Temple discovered a new way of learning despite her condition. She discovered that visual thinking is what works best for her. Thinking of my own learning experiences, I realized that Temple and I have a number of similarities when it comes to learning. For me, I always knew that visual learning is the most effective way, as well. Since I was young, colors and movement catches my attention every time; while reading and listening always seemed to bore me after a certain amount of time. This is probably why English isn’t really my forte. Among my family, I am known to be the crafty and creative one. I noticed that I think well when it involves something visual. When participating in presentations, projects, and experiments, I always go over a little more than what is really needed because for some reason it helps me learn the material in more depth. The proof is all in my report card; my grades soared when it came to art and sciences. The diagrams and examples that were given are the ones that always get stuck in my head. I am also a very keen observer. I am one of those students who stand to the side and just watch. So it when comes to me trying it for myself, I get it done. Connecting my experience to Temple’s, I remember the time when I was younger and very curious about computers. My parents didn’t want to teach me how to use them because they thought I was too young. But as I watched my dad use the computer, I noticed all the buttons he pressed and the functions they served. Until one day, I decided that it was time for me to get my hands on the machine. My dad told me that I knew exactly what button to press to turn it on and where to move the mouse to get to the games. Temple’s abilities will never be close to what I am able to do with my mind. But our similarities of being visual learners made me realize that being unique with your own learning style would be best. Also, the weaknesses that you possess shouldn’t hold you back from achieving your plans and goals. The mind is the most powerful weapon a human possesses. Despite Temple Grandin’s learning disability, she learned a different way to make her mind work wonders by thinking in more visual terms rather than thinking logically. Seeing how Temple uses this technique for the better during the film, I realize that my own learning technique is very similar to hers. Temple’s rather average, yet unique persona allowed her to be known as an individual full of hope and perseverance for a lot of people today, including myself. Temple established the idea of self-perseverance and almost suggests the small power of generalized gender roles in society. As of today, she continues her influence in our world in terms of animal treatments and in the world of autism.

Communication and technology Essay

Language is one of the most important elements of culture. It gives us the ability to communicate. Communication allows us to exchange ideas, feelings, and facts. Communication means sharing information. Since the very beginning language has been one of man’s greatest inventions. Manhood has been able to pass its knowledge from generation to generation in early times thanks to communication. Myths, legends, and religion have survived this way for centuries. Thus communication is very important in our lives. Communication plays a vital part in daily life. In daily life, communication is with us from the time we wake up until we go to bed. When the alarm clock rings, it means that it is time to get out of bed. As we drive to work, traffic lights tell us when to stop and when to go. In schools, books give us information. Newspapers tell us about the latest news in the world. TV and radio inform us about the weather. However, communication has become more powerful with technology. Throughout history man has invented several ways to facilitate communication. The telephone is one of the most important inventions of all. People talking by telephone between the USA and Spain can hear each other as quickly as if they were in the same room. The telephone is part of our everyday lives. In case of emergency, the telephone is a quick means of calling the doctor, the police, or the fire department. The entire practice of business would have to be reorganized if the telephone were to disappear. The telephone plays an important part in our family life and in our recreation. By means of the telephone we arrange to meet our friends. Now, with the invention of the cell phone, we are able to communicate with anybody at any time. Cell phones let us talk on the phone without being connected to a wire. This way we can walk and even drive while we are talking on the phone. Likewise, the Internet is another important invention regarding communication. The Internet lets us chat with friends that might be in another hemisphere within seconds. Chat rooms have become so popular that we even chat with friends who are only 2 miles away from us. Chatting allow us to meet new people from anywhere in the world. Furthermore, e-mails have completely changed the whole concept of sending a letter. Using the mail is old fashioned and used nearly only for billing. E-mail is a much easier and quicker option. It gives us the chance to write a letter only once when we want to send it to everyone, by writing a general e-mail. The e-mail system is widely used in companies. News and information is passed to the employees through e-mail. To conclude, technology has transformed us into a small world where we can easily communicate with each other. Communication is a basic human activity, if it suddenly disappeared, our whole way of life would tear apart. Without modern means of communication, it would take months, or even years, to share information with people in far parts of the world who can now be reached in a few seconds.

How to Write a Classification Essay

How to Write a Classification Essay How to Write a Classification Essay The world exists not in our feelings and senses, but in our perception and mind. Human intellect discriminates between different species, objects, animals, and plants; on the basis of the available data, it draws logical conclusions. The collective body of all of these conclusions, which seem evident, is usually called knowledge. Hence, it may be maintained that our ability to discriminate and to distinguish is the cornerstone of our civilization. Unlike other types of essay, the classification essay deals with different species or classes of objects which must be described one by one and then compared. The task, which the writer has to accomplish, consists of observation of various groups of objects and finding logical connections associated with them. While specifying the differences between them, the author also needs to find common ground upon which to carry out a comparison. To write a classification essay is not as hard as it seems at first sight, but it requires more logical skills. Here you will find some recommendations and pieces of advice on what to do and what not to do while writing a classification essay. How to write a classification essay – essential tips What you should avoid: Do not compare incomparable objects; for example: wild animals and mountain herbs. Here you need to use your logical skills. These will help you to find an appropriate group of objects (people, cars, cities, etc.). Do not merely describe; you should rather draw inferences, and thus to present new knowledge. Do not violate the rules for definition of a given object; avoid circular definitions (â€Å"biology is a branch of science dealing with biological issues†), â€Å"wide† definitions (â€Å"man is a living being†), â€Å"narrow† definitions (â€Å"man is a rational being, Homo Sapiens, inhabiting Great Britain†). What is recommended to do: Choose a theme of your classification essay carefully (if you are free to decide on that). Collect some preliminary data and analyze them for yourself. Write down your own impressions and insights (you can also make a plan of the essay). In the introduction explain the context of your classification paper. What is its fundamental question? What is your thesis? What is your method? Analyze the groups of objects one by one. Define them well; justify your classification. For example, you are writing about different types of drivers. Explain why you have chosen only three, four, five types of drivers. Try to find similarities and differences between the groups described. Is there any hierarchy, or all these groups are equal? Are the groups constant or in transition? Is it possible to belong to two groups at once? Set forth your thesis (it may be in the beginning). You should put emphasis on some regularity or principle, which explains a given phenomenon. Or you can say that it is better to belong to the first group of drivers than to the second one; justify your thesis. A good classification essay demonstrates some important differences between classes or subclasses of objects. It must be coherent and very well ordered in a logical manner. Its author should employ special terminology and use it properly throughout the paper. Classification and division are characteristics of human mind only, thus helping human beings to order and classify various phenomena and to find regularities in the world. The good classification essay must correspond to this picture.

How To Increase Blog Traffic With Contagious Content

How To Increase Blog Traffic With Contagious Content Everyone wants to increase their blog  traffic, right? It would be too discouraging to write articles, knowing that no one will ever read them. So whenever we write a new post, were secretly hoping that it will bring tons of new visitors to our blog. But do you really think that hope is enough? Certainly not! Its not the circumstances that determine if your articles will get traction- its the tactics and strategies  you  execute that make it happen. How To Increase Blog Traffic: 5 Ways To Make Contagious Content #blogging via @timsouloAnd right now Im going to show you what you can do to increase the odds that your articles will get the attention they  deserve. 3  Natural Ways To Increase Blog Traffic If I ask you where your blog traffic comes from, you're going to name a lot of different things: SEO, social networks, forums, banner ads, etc. But in general, all natural traffic sources fall into 3 different categories: Search traffic Your audience Word of mouth Let me visualize this concept for you: Please Note: I’m using the term "natural traffic" because you can also use all sorts of advertising to generate "paid traffic" to your blog and website. 1. Search traffic. This one is self explanatory. People search Google for hundreds of things every day and it sends them to hundreds of different websites. You can also search for videos on YouTube, for presentations on SlideShare, for photos on Flickr, for tweets on Twitter, etc. Share your content on highly searched sites to reach more people. #bloggingIf you want to get search traffic from all these platforms, you just need to put your content there and make sure it's optimized for the keywords that people might use to find it. Well, actually it's a little bit more complicated than that, but just by publishing your content on all these sites, you really win  half of the battle. 2. Your audience. These are the people who already know about you. Some of them are on your email list, some subscribe to your RSS, some might follow you on Twitter, some have your blog  in their bookmarks. Share the way your audience wants it- even if that means  using many channels. #bloggingIn other words- these people regularly check back with you to see if there was an update. And all you have to do to make them come back to your site is publish a new article and let them know about it via your distribution channels (email newsletter, Twitter, RSS). 3. Word of mouth. That's the kind of traffic you get when your audience- and people coming from "search"- share your content  with their friends. They might tweet your article, share it on Facebook, link to it from their own blog, or send the URL to someone via Skype. So how can you help  people share your content  with others? Well, if you need the short answer- you have to make your article "contagious". Contagious content is the kind people find so good they have to  share it. #bloggingAnd in case you want to go really deep, read along... 5 Hacks To Make Your Content Contagious Did you notice from my visualization that "word of mouth" is actually a loop? This loop amplifies any incoming traffic that lands on your article. But the coolest thing is that it actually amplifies itself and goes in rounds for a while before it finally fades. And the extent to which this "word of mouth" loop will amplify your blog traffic mostly relies on how well you’re going to execute the following strategies: 1. Find A Contagious Idea And Build On Top Of It I know that many people will go hard on me for advising to "steal" ideas from someone else. But I can easily convince you that there’s nothing wrong about it. Take the Tesla car for example. The guys just took a car and put an electric motor into it. How unique is that?   The electric motor was first invented in the 1740s. The first car was built sometime in the  1880s. And the first electric vehicle was presented by nyos Jedlik in 1828. So how come no one is accusing Tesla of stealing someone else's ideas? Because it's not about the original idea, is about how well you execute  that idea. So why don't you "steal" some great ideas and build a "Tesla car" of your own? Here's a great tool that will help you find the most contagious ideas- Content Explorer by Ahrefs: Just put any keywords into the search bar, and the tool will give you a list of most popular content based on your keywords. Play with this tool for 10 minutes and I guarantee that you'll find tons of golden nuggets that will inspire you to write your own contagious article. Here’s a fun fact: Content Explorer is not the only tool of its kind. I know many other tools that were launched long before it. But these guys are known to crawl the Web at Google scale, which means their index of articles is a lot bigger than any other tools can offer. That's exactly how you take someone else's idea and nail it with your execution. 2. Add Some "Practical Utility" To Your Content Do you know what makes people want to share a certain piece of content? In a recent study, researchers examined the sharing patterns of the New York Times readers. Guess what happened to be the biggest driver of shares? Practical utility! And here's how you make your article more practical: Give your readers detailed action steps that they need to take. Provide them with lots of examples and case studies to prove your points. Show them the exact numbers that they can achieve. You won't believe how much people love case studies and exact numbers! Peep Laja from ConversionXL attributes the entire success of his blog to the fact that he never gave a piece of advice if he could not support it with a research paper or a case study. Alex Turnbull from Groove published a great article  about  the importance of writing persuasive research backed content which you also can’t miss. Readers share actionable content more than anything else. #bloggingAnd here's a bonus hack that you can use to easily make your articles more practical- try to add the phrase "for example" next to every piece of advice that you give. Recommended Reading:  Why People Share: The Psychology of Social Sharing 3. Make Your Content Visually Appealing I just told you that people love exact numbers and case studies. So how about this one: According to Jakob Nielsen, 79% of people always scan through any new page that they came across and only 16% read it word for word. And here's another one: According to Josh Schwartz of Chartbeat, there’s no correlation between social shares and people actually reading your article. If you combine these two studies together it's easy to digest that†¦ People can make a snap judgement whether your article is worthy of a share just by skimming through it. Which means that... Your article doesn’t necessarily have to be worthy of a tweet, as long as it looks like  being worthy of a tweet. I know it sounds quite controversial, but it's actually backed with research studies. And in fact, when I think of my own tweeting patterns, I realize that I've tweeted quite a lot of articles just because they seemed worthy to me. So here's how you make your article look more appealing to people who are just skimming through: Write an introductory paragraph that will briefly tell people what's in there. Use meaningful sub-headings (not "clever" ones). Use bulleted lists. Use one idea per paragraph.  Users will skip over any additional ideas if they are not caught by the first few words in the paragraph. Use a lot of high-quality graphics. This will instantly boost your credibility. Use a lot of outbound links.  This will show that you did a thorough research and know what you're talking about. Speaking of "high-quality graphics"- a study conducted by Moz showed that articles with visual content actually tend to attract more links: 4. Help Your Visitors Share Your Content So let's assume that your article is based on a highly contagious idea, it's highly practical, and it looks like something worthy of a share. That alone will guarantee you a fair amount of shares, I promise! But you can easily squeeze a lot more shares from that same article if you go just a few steps further. And here are these steps: Step #1: Make sure your social sharing buttons are easily accessible. This seems so obvious that it's almost not worth mentioning. But I'm sure I'll be able to surprise you with a few tips on something you've considered to be a no-brainer. According to a study from BrightEdge, content with sharing buttons is 7 times more likely to spread than content without. Content with sharing buttons is 7 times more likely to spread than content without. #bloggingAnd if you look at my own blog, my social sharing buttons are floating at the left side of my article, which makes them always accessible no matter how deep you scroll. I also have two big bold buttons at the very end of my article, so that people could share it immediately after they've finished reading it. But the fun doesn't end there. You can push even further and optimize the design of your sharing buttons to get even more shares! Optimize the text on your social sharing buttons. Guys from Pixable carried out quite a few A/B tests to identify what makes people click on their sharing buttons more often. In their first test, they've tested the call to action and discovered that the "Share with Friends" phrase outperformed the phrase "Share" by 107%! The other test was even more amusing. In addition to the Facebook share button, they've added a Tweet button to see how that would impact their shares: That Twitter button increased the total number of shares, which was quite expected.  But the amount of Facebook shares increased as well! It seems that by providing the visitor with a choice, the second option gets them deciding on which platform to share, instead of whether or not to share. Recommended Reading:  The Best Place To Put Social Media Buttons On Your Blog Step #2: Ask for shares. As I've already mentioned above, only 16% of your visitors will actually read your article from start to finish. But these 16% are your most loyal visitors! 16% of visitors read your content from start to finish. They are your loyalists. #bloggingYou should not miss your chance to ask them for a share. You've just given them tons of great information for absolutely free, and all you're asking in return is a simple tweet. It should make them feel bad if they won't reciprocate. Pro Tip: Explain your readers why  they should share your piece of content. Give them a reason  to do it. According to research by Ellen Langer reasoning may pump your acceptance rate to as high as 94%. Here's what  the last sentence of my 7,000-word Guide To Strategic Writing looks like: "And please do me a little favour and share this guide with others, for there's a good chance that it will help them with their blogs." Can you see how I give my readers a reason to share my article? Step #3: Add sharable "sound bites". People share tons of different stuff on social networks: thoughts, quotes, takeaways, images. So why are you leaving your visitors with a single option- "whether or not to share your article"? Remember that fun experiment when the guys added a tweet button, which reframed the situation from "whether or not to share" to "which platform to pick for sharing"? Reframe your #blog readers' perspective from 'whether or not to share' to 'where to  share'.Well, you can move that frame in a different direction- from "whether or not to share the article" to "whether to share an article or a quote from it". Yes, I’m talking about these "tweetable quotes" that you see all over the blog. This strategy was adopted by lots of popular bloggers. I see the "tweet this" quotes on almost all of my favorite blogs. Wonder if this actually works? I once noticed Michael Hyatt using a "tweetable quote" by Jeff Goins in one of his articles: It's not fun to fail, but it just might be the only way to succeed. - Jeff Goins I immediately jumped on Twitter to see if his readers were actually tweeting it. And here's what I saw there: Here's a real life example of how tweetable quotes can help increase  blog traffic through contagious content. Lucky for you, the guys from were kind enough to develop a free WordPress plugin that you can use to create tweetable quotes in your articles. And if you have a little bit of money to invest, I invite you to check my own plugin, which is a little bit more advanced than the free one by .  It's called TweetDis. And if you want to know why this plugin is worth every single penny- just let me know. 5. Optimize Your "Share Snippets" So you've just learned what makes people share your articles. That opens up your viral loop. To effectively close the loop, you need to optimize your "share snippets" to get the maximum "clicks per share". People should eagerly click on your article when they see some of their friends sharing it. This will guarantee that your article will go through a series of viral cycles and your blog  traffic will fade very slowly. Here's how you squeeze more clicks out of your share snippets: Step #1: Write an irresistible headline. There is  actually tons of advice on writing irresistible headlines. All you need to do is simply apply all these tips until you come up with at least 5–7 headlines to choose from. You can then go play with headline analyzer tool to pick the winning one. I'm afraid there's no magic bullet. The more headline variations you will write,  the better you'll get at it. The guys from Upworthy are known to write 25 headlines per article before they settle with one (and so does ): Read This:  25 Scientifically Proven Ways To Write Better Headlines For Your Blog Step #2: Attach images to your "share snippets". What usually catches your attention as you skim through your Facebook newsfeed? Wait-wait!.. I know the answer! It's images! Most social networks allow you to attach images to the things that you share, and that's an opportunity you can't afford to ignore. Let's look at some data: Photos are the most engaging type of content on Facebook, with a whopping 87% interaction rate! No other post type received more than a 4% interaction rate. And attaching an image to your tweet can boost retweets by an impressive 35%. So in case an image is not being attached every time someone tweets your article- you're seriously missing out. Here's how to set this up from a technical standpoint:  Just install WordPress SEO plugin by Yoast and enable â€Å"Facebook Open Graph† and â€Å"Twitter card meta data† within its settings. Once you do this, the plugin will attach the featured image of your article to every single share. Yes, it really is as simple as that. BONUS: How To Turn Your Visitors Into Email Subscribers In the headline of this post, I promised you 5  tactics that will make your content contagious.   I've just listed them, and I really hope you've enjoyed the read. But there's one more content marketing tactic that I just can't help sharing with you. It has nothing to do with blog traffic (at least not initially), but it will grow your email list at a pace you've never seen before. Bonus: How To Turn Your Visitors Into Email Subscribers #bloggingThis tactic is called "content upgrades", and here's how it works. Most bloggers create a single "opt-in bribe" and pitch it everywhere on their blog: on their homepage, in the sidebar, on different popups, and slide-in forms. And it works pretty well.   But a single "opt-in bribe" can’t be relevant to every article that you have on your blog. People coming to read an article about "content marketing" are not interested in your e-book on "conversion rate optimization". A few smart bloggers realized that and started offering "content-specific opt-in bribes" and embed them right into the content of their articles. I bet you've seen these yellow boxes offering you some bonus content. Here's an example from a blog of Brian Dean: This is an example of how Brian Dean uses content upgrades at Backlinko. The downloads complement the context of his articles perfectly. This tactic is called "content upgrades" and it converts readers into email subscribers at a crazy rate, because the "opt-in bribe" that you're offering is highly relevant to the content of the article and actually complements it. Recommended Reading:  Why You Should Give Free Content To Your Readers Here's a case study of how I implemented this strategy on my own blog: [CASE STUDY] How I Increased My Email Conversion Rate By 300% Using Content Upgrades OK, now I feel that I'm leaving you with enough information to make you completely rethink how you approach content marketing. Hope you loved my content marketing hacks and won't mind sharing this article with others. Or would you? :)

Identify both a federal and state (any state) legislative action that Essay

Identify both a federal and state (any state) legislative action that was created in response to the problems of domestic abuse - Essay Example Under the VAWA, all Federal domestic violence crimes are considered to be felonies and as such punishable with imprisonment based on the injury caused. Violation of the Gun Control Act also includes - possessing a firearm and/or ammunition after conviction of a qualifying misdemeanor crime of domestic violence. 18 U.S.C. Section 922(g)(9) The punishment meted out for this crime is a prison term which ranges from 5years to life imprisonment depending on the extent of injury caused by the defendant. The legislative process includes lodging a complaint, followed by an enquiry and investigation. The court of law summons the respective parties and after thoroughly examining the details of the case, passes its judgment. The judgment also includes the prison term and fines if any to be fulfilled by the abusive party. The Federal law also lends protection and support to the victims of domestic violence. Domestic violence has a bad effect on society and so the Federal Government has taken ste ps to curb and prevent it by funding nation-wide programs related to integration and migration. References Action Plan of the Federal Government www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/vaw/responses/GERMANYweb Federal domestic Violence Laws www.justice.gov/usao/gan/documents/federallaws

Position paper Lobbyists Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Position Lobbyists - Research Paper Example Efficiency and competence of his policy is a disputed issue because one group favors his economic policy specifically for inflation, while another group critically claim his policies as useless for the governmental system in the US. In this paper, we shall discuss the perceptions of two lobbyists, one in favor in and another one against the Reagans policies. The first lobbyist supported the economic decision of the inspiring president (including reduction in social and domestic marketing spending, with the increase in military spending) and emphasized on income tax reduction. Being an optimistic lobbyist, I believe that Reagans policies were appropriate with respect to the situations of the United States, where inflation has been badly influencing each aspect of citizens lives. Inflation victims were suffering from severe financial crisis along with the entire administrative system of the US (Alan & Davis, 2004). Additionally, his economic policies seem to be implemented with trust in the kindness of human nature especially at the corporate level. In the United States, it seems as if everyone is running fast to earn bread and butter and regulate other life processes (Magazzino, 2010). Major reason behind an Americans hurdle is that to handle tax and other needs together. Reduction is tax worked as an important beneficial change in the r egulation system that made citizens to pay only 28% rather than 70% in taxes. Further, lobbyist pinpointed that tax reduction will result in more financial advantages, and moneymaking chances will increase (Magazzino, 2012). Eventually, businesses will flourish and new employment opportunities facilitate new professionals to gain money and fame in the growing sectors. On the other hand, second lobbyist presents his arguments against Reagans policies that also included reduction in government spending and money supply intended to control inflation. Being an honest citizen and lobbyist I believe that a presidents policies

International Marketing - Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

International Marketing - Theory - Essay Example The purpose of laying importance of marketing and marketing plans in the first paragraph was to narrow down the topic towards marketing strategy, its formulation and its purposes for the firm it self. Now when we talk about strategy planning in marketing, we basically tend to make a match between organizational resources and its goals i.e. what an organization can really do by utilizing its resources and what its managers wanted to do (Kotabe 2007). So the strategy basically matches or ties up both ends of the same string so it could be implemented and formulated. If we delve deeper into the topic we see that marketing strategy formulation is of two types; one is based on the General marketing strategy and the other one is based on decision strategy. I have explained them in the next paragraphs to follow. The company I have chosen for this assignment is Dell Inc., and no body can deny its market share, value and prowess up to this date. I will start with the sector analysis and compa ny analysis and then will move on to the marketing strategies. Dell comes under information technology sector. ... The situation started to get better after 2001 and showed a great improvement after year 2003 when the average salary of a computer employee was more than double than what other people were getting from their respective professions. The industry labor force also increased from nil to 3.1% which broke the records in the US labor force industry as it was a growth of more than 75% as compared to previous records. Growth in the information technology industry is there because of the demand factors all around the world. The demand factors included the invention of nano-technology as more and more industries are heading towards this technology, emerging markets like India coming into the field with better and more IT products with better software programs, rise in demand of computers in the Asian markets, companies around the world are looking for cutting edge techs which is only possible if more and more sophisticated software and hardware are being made. Emerging markets in central and S outh America is also one of the reasons for the boom in this sector (Kerin 2008). Apart from this all, another reason for the boom in this sector is the mergers and acquisitions which took place after the dot com crisis. Those mergers and acquisitions compelled companies to pool in their resources and funnel up their energies so to invest in research and development and come up with new products which would give them a competitive edge (Srivastava 2008). This is also a very pertinent cause to explain and relate to the boom in the information technology sector. This rearrangement in the market made suppliers few in numbers which brought major giants on neck n neck competition with each other. This also lowered the switching costs

Satellite Communication For Computer Networks

Satellite Communication For Computer Networks A communication satellite is an artificial satellite stationed in space for the purpose of telecommunications. Modern communication satellites use a variety of orbits including geostationary orbits, Molina orbits, other elliptical orbits and low earth orbits. For fixed services, communication satellites provide a microwave radio relay technology complimentary to that of submarine communication cables. They are also used for mobile applications such as communications to ships, vehicles, planes and hand held terminals and for TV and radio broadcasting, for which application of other technologies such as cable is impractical or impossible. HISTORY OF COMMUNICATION SATELLTES The first artificial satellite was the soviet sputnik 1, launched on October 4, 1957, and equipped with an onboard radio transmitter that worked on two frequencies, 20.005 and 40.002 MHz. The first American satellite to relay communication was project score in 1958, which used a tape recorder to store and forward voice messages. After that NASA launched an Echo satellite in 1960. SATELLITE COMMUNICATION FOR COMPUTER NETWORKS. A multi-node, satellite communication system employing a modified broadcast system is disclosed for used with distributed computer networks. The system involves a plurality of network nodes (computer systems) each capable of transmitting to any other node at a single unique frequency, but capable of receiving from all other nodes simultaneously. Each node in the n-node network comprises a single transmitter with up to n-1 receivers, with each node capable of arbitrating a plurality of requests for transmission access. The invention encompasses a method for communicating digital information in a network of geographical distributed computers. GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES In 1945, Arthur C. Clarke describes a complete communication system that used manned geostationary satellites, including the orbits, solar panels, radio frequencies and launch procedures. But it was failed, because these satellites were impractical due to the impossibility of putting power-hungry, fragile, vacuum tube amplifiers into orbit. The first communication satellite, Telstar was launched in July 1962. Then communication Satellites have become a multibillion dollar business and the only aspect of outer space that has become highly portable. These high-flying satellites are called GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit) satellites. Geostationary orbit Geostationary satellites space much closer than 2 degrees in the 360-degree equatorial plane, to avoid interference. With a space of 2 degrees, there can only be 360/2 =180 of these satellites in the sky at ones. However, each transponder can use multiple frequencies and polarization to increase the available bandwidth. Modern satellite was weighing up 4000kg and consuming several kilowatts of electric power produced by the solar panels. The effect of solar and planetary gravity tends to move them away from their assigned orbit slots and orientations, an effect countered by on-board rocket motors. This tuning activity is called Station Keeping. ITU has allocated certain frequency bands to satellite users. The main bands are listed as C band was the first to be designated for commercial satellite traffic and the upper case one for uplink traffic. To allow traffic to go both ways at the same time, two channels is required, one going each way. These bands are overcrowded because they ar e also used by the common carriers for terrestrial microwave links. The L and S bands were added by international agreement in 2000. Rain, equipment cost The next highest band available to commercial telecommunication carriers is the Ku band. Bandwidth allocated in the Ka band for commercial traffic, but the equipment needed to use it is still expensive. A modern satellite has around 40 transponders, each with an 80-MHZ band width. The first geostationary satellites had a single beam that illuminated about 1/3 of the earths surface called footprint. A new development in the communication satellite world is the development of low-cost micro stations; it is called Very Small Aperture Terminals (VASATs). In VSATs systems, the micro stations dont have enough power to communicate directly with one another. VSATs have great potential in rural areas. MEDIUM-EARTH ORBIT SATELLITES MEO (Medium-Earth Orbit) satellites tracked as move through the sky. These are lower than GEOs; they have smaller footprint on the ground and require less powerful transmitters to reach them. LOW-EARTH ORBIT LEO (LOW EARTH ORBIT) satellite due to their rapid motion, large numbers of them is needed for a complete system. In this section we will examine, two aimed at voice communication and one aimed at internet service. Iridium An iridium satellite was launched in 1997. Communication service began in November 1998. Iridiums business was providing worldwide telecommunication service using hand-held devices that communicate directly within the iridium satellites. It provides voice, data, paging, and fax and navigation service everywhere on land, sea, and air. These satellites are positioned at an altitude of 750km, in circular polar orbits. Each satellite has a maximum of 48 cells, with a total of 1628 cells over the surface of the earth. Each satellite has a capacity of 3840 channels, or 253440 in all. Global star An iridium alternative design is global star. It based on 48 LEO satellites. But it uses a different switching scheme than that of iridium. Global star uses a traditional bent-pipe design. The call originating at the North Pole is sent back to earth and picked up by the large ground station at Santas Workshop. The call is routed via a terrestrial network to the ground station nearest the cal lee and delivered by a bent-pipe connection. The advantage of global star scheme is that it puts much of the complexity on the ground, where it is easier to manage. Teledesic Teledesic is targeted at bandwidth-hungry internet users all over the world. It was conceived in 1990 by mobile phone pioneer Craig McCaw and Bill Gates. The goal of this system is to provide millions of concurrent Internet users with an uplink of as much as 100Mbps and a downlink of up to 720 Mbps using a small, fixed, VSAT-type antenna, completely bypassing the telephone system. The original design was for a system consists of 288 small-footprint satellites arranged in 12 planes below the lower Van Allen belt at an altitude of 1350km. The design was later changed to 30 satellites with larger footprints. Transmission occurs in the uncrowned and high-bandwidth Ka band. When a user needs bandwidth to send packets is request and assigned dynamically in about 50 msec. LEO EARTH ORBIT HOW SATELLITE COMMUNICATION WORKS? The concept of satellite based network is to transmit and receive signal from ground stations. The purpose of satellite communication is to use it for video transmission and sharing. In simple words a satellite is a device which revolves around the earth either for collecting useful information or for helping transfer of information. HOW DO SATELLITES COMMUNICATE? Satellites communicate through a complex system of telemetry that connects and transmits signals between satellites and earth-bound stations. This system begins with telemetry, tracking and command (TTC) subsystem which tracks and directs signals. TTC produces signal that are directly commensurable to the quantity that is being measured, encoding and transmitting these signal to distant stations on earth. APPLICATIONS OF COMMUNICATION SATELLITES The applications of communication satellites are, Telephone Satellite Television Fixed Service Satellite Direct Broadcast satellites Mobile satellite technologies Satellite radio Amateur radio Satellite internet Military uses Navigation TELEPHONE The first application for communication satellites was in intercontinental long distance telephony. The public switched telephone network relays telephone calls from landline telephones to an earth station where they are transmitted to geostationary satellite. SATELLITE TELEVISION The satellite television is relatively few signals of large band width to many receivers being a more precise match for the capabilities of geosynchronous comsats. Two satellite types are used for North American Television and radio that are Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) and Fixed Service Satellite (FSS). FIXED SERVICE SATELLITE It uses the c band and the lower portion of the Ku bands. It is normally used for broadcast feed to and from television networks and local affiliate stations as well as being used for distance learning by schools and universities, business television, video conferencing and general tele- communications. It is also used to distribute national cable channels to cable television head ends. DIRECT BROADCAST SATELLITE It is a communication satellite that transmits to small DBS satellite dishes. It is usually 18 to 24 inches or 45 to 60 cm in a diameter. MOBILE SATELLITE TECHNOLOGIES It was using antenas.