Monday, September 30, 2019

Aristotle’s Ten Categories

The ten Categories of Aristotle are derived from Aristotle’s Organon (Evans) and are classifications of individual words (as opposed to propositions) They consist of substance, quantity, quality, relation, place, time, situation, condition, action, and passion (Robin, 2004). Of the ten categories, Substance (ouisa) is consistently considered to be the most important as it is the fundamental element of all living things. Each individual thing has its own substance that is unique to that thing and does not belong to any other individual thing. Substance exists in two forms; Primary Substance and Secondary Substance. Primary Substances are absolute, concrete individual things that can exist in isolation to other things. Aristotle specified elements such as air, water and earth as primary categories because they are entirely independent of other beings. Secondary Substances are essentially properties of the primary substances and therefore cannot exist in their own right (Smith, Robin, 2004). Aristotle specified that whilst primary substances were restricted to genus, secondary substances were restricted to the individual species to which they belonged, â€Å"'man' is predicated of the individual man; but ‘animal' is predicated of ‘man'; it will, therefore, be predicable of the individual man also: for the individual man is both ‘man' and ‘animal'. † (Edghill, 2000). The remaining nine categories are utilized to help define and determine the details of the substance and what it is similar to and much of Aristotle's discussion of these categories concerned the way the categories are used in language. The second of Aristotle’s categories is Quantity, which as per the conventional meaning of this word, refers to the physical size of something. Quantity can be measured by numbers, weight, volume, area etc and thus the category is intended as a means by which substance can be measured and interpreted relative to one another. Quality is related to the inherent nature of something, that is its attributes or characteristics. Quality aspects generally cannot be described mathematically. Descriptive words such as â€Å"white†, â€Å"fat†, â€Å"larger† etc. ould generally characterize the quality aspect of the categories. Relation concerns the way in which one thing is related to another. This relationship could be a cause and effect relationship, a physical relationship or an equivalent relationship. The next category is Place. This refers to the physical location of an object or thing in its environment. Following this is Time. This category is concerned with a thing’s position with regards to the passage of time in the conventional sense or in relation to other events. The seventh category, Position, addresses the relative position parts of an object in relation to each other or the position of one object in relation to other objects. State is similar to quality but is concerned with the ongoing nature of an object as opposed to the inherent nature. So, for example, â€Å"easy going† would be classified as a quality whilst â€Å"depressed† would be classified as a state. The ninth category, Action, refers to the way in which a change to one object could impact another object or thing. Conversely, the tenth category, Passion or Affection, is concerned with the reception of a change and relates to the alteration that something else has on the object. Aristotle’s theory states that every single part of a sentence will fall into one of these categories. An example of a sentence that uses them all is as follows: â€Å" The naughty (quality), lone (quantity) boy (substance) crouched (position) beside his sister (relation) in their playroom (place) one afternoon (time), happy (affection) and content (state) as he stole her toys (action). †

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Genetic Information Essay

The goal of this essay is to determine whether the information presented within it could be considered a violation or a non-violation of the GINA of 2008. A case study has been determined to be a method to learn about a complex instance. This information is based on understanding the detailed instance and analyzing the context as a whole. I will be briefly discussing this case study. The GINA legislation had unanimous support when it was signed into law by President Bush. This case study is broken down into many different stories that focus on GINA. The Act was voted into Congress in 2008 (Hudson, Holohan, & Collins, 2014). Case studies also describes an analyses of persons, events, decisions, periods, projects, policies, institutions, or other systems that are studied. GINA is being described as promoting genetic research and preventive screening, safeguard medical privacy, and prevent unfair treatment of individuals based on traits that are linked to diseases (Hudson, Holohan, Coll ins, 2014). There was talk about the threat that arises from the Supreme Court’s federalism revolution of 1995-2001. Chief Justice Rehnquist took greater strides in placing a limit on the power of Congress. These rules affected the Tenth, Eleventh, and Fourteenth Amendments along with the Commerce Clause that would balance the power of the state and federal (Tobin, 2008). It is stated in the fact sheet that â€Å"GINA expands the genetic information protections included in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). HIPAA prevents a plan or issuer from imposing a preexisting condition exclusion provision based solely on genetic information, and prohibits discrimination in individual eligibility, benefits, or premiums based on any health factor (including genetic information)† (United States Department of Labor, 2009). Surveys was taken from 50 states that relied on the Bureau of Labor Statistics. These surveys showed disparities in private sector leave and  gender differences. Arguments are made over the distinction based on the level of scrutiny (Tobin, 2008). GINA was first introduced in 1995 in response to concerns about the misuse of information regarding genetic predispositions to various diseases. The bill sought to help those that was applying for insurance to keep them from being denied. According to GINA the analysis went wrong in some aspect of employment. The Supreme Court’s Section 5 jurisprudence insofar as they provide remedies for state employees (Tobin, 2008). It is also unlawful for a covered entity to disclose genetic information about applicants, employees or members. Covered entities must keep genetic information confidential and in a separate medical file (Tobin, 2008). There are limited exceptions to this non-disclosure rule, such as exceptions that provide for the disclosure of relevant genetic information to government officials investigating compliance with Title II of GINA and for disclosures made pursuant to a court order (Tobin, 2008). When it comes down to any type of employment the law forbids discrimination on the basis of genetic information which include hiring, firing, pay, job assignments, promotions, layoffs, training, fringe benefits, or any other type of employment. An employer should never use genetic information to make an employment decision because genetic information is not relevant to an individual’s ability to work at any time (Tobin, 2008). A goal of the policy is to protect equality and privacy of an employer that lose their jobs as a result to genetic testing. According to Kimel and Garrett evidence that Congress collected is of no concern because it’s only in the private sector and not by state. Some states argued that being flexible to GINA is not consistent with the Court’s (Tobin, 2008). Instances in these cases shows the analysis of the areas that are considered too went wrong with GINA. For instance, courts need to apply heightened constitutional scrutiny to genetic discrimination. This will keep states from arguing against them and win stating its insufficient data. Another examples is there is a strong case for abrogating sovereign immunity in those cases where employers rely on the information that is took from genetic testing that has been linked to racial or ethnic backgrounds. The last reason is the provisions that uphold GINA’S privacy in 5 legislations has an uncertainty about it not being strong enough to work against state  employment. The Voting Rights Act Reauthorization Act was created in 2006 to place jurisdictions on the voting history of racial discrimination. The research from this act allowed congress to take action towards making decisions on these issues. Approval would have to come from the attorney General or a federal court. This pro vision help minority voters the ability to vote and make their voice heard through the election process (Tobin, 2008). Another concern was about racial profiling policies and procedures that needed to be changed to prohibit police from unjustly stereotyping individuals (Tobin, 2008). This bill called End Racial Profiling Act was entered into the legislations by Rep. John Conyers and Sen. Russ Feingold in 2001. The courts shouldn’t have invalidated the civil rights as it did because it didn’t put enough force on change for minorities. It has hesitantly enforced the rights of persecuted minorities and in many ways it has changed the face of the United States law and politics. I determined that GINA has been cited as a strong step forward, but I believe that the legislation does not go far enough in enabling personal control over genetic testing results. In conclusion, these cases have changed the livelihood of many people but more need to be done for better congressional. Some Courts have supported equal right while other decisions have hindered them. References Tobin, H. (2008). The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008: A Case Study of the Need For Better Congressional Responses to Federalism Jurisprudence. Retrieved from Ashford University. Hudson, K., Holohan, M. K., & Collins, F. (2014). Keeping Pace with the Times – The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008. Retrieved from http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMp0803964 United States Department of Labor (2009). Fact Sheet. Retrieved from http://www.dol.gov/ebsa/newsroom/fsGINA.html

Saturday, September 28, 2019

The relationship between language development and behaviour problems Article

The relationship between language development and behaviour problems in children with hearing loss - Article Example 2. PARTICIPANTS Participants for this study were those from a five year follow up study by same authors involving eight districts of southern England. 165 participants fulfilled the criteria for this study. These criteria were: to have a hearing loss of greater than 40 deci-Bells in the better ear for a minimum of one year duration and being born in any of the specified districts within the specific years to fall between 5.4 to11.7 years of age. Participants had only congenital (not acquired) hearing loss of neural nature, permanent nerve conduction problem or a combination of both. 120 children with average age of 7.9 years, (67 boys and 53 girls) out of the 165 opted to be part of the study. As control group, 63 children (37 boys and 26 girls) with average age of 8.1 years were selected. 3. METHOD Four researchers and a speech therapist along with a sign language expert were trained for 3 months prior to data collection. They then collected the data via interviews with children and their primary caregivers.

Friday, September 27, 2019

Strategic Knowledge Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic Knowledge Management - Essay Example s units, and work groups has been perceived to be the best strategies for capturing and spreading ideas and know-how within and without the organization. In lieu of this, and the unabated complexity and knowledge multiplicity of many organizations, Checkland’s (1999) assertion that â€Å"We see in the world many examples of sets of human activities related to each other so that they can be viewed as a whole† can be perceived to be factual and expressive of the inherent facts in many organizations despite the trivial reasons that some give for its disqualification. This paper will candidly and comprehensively analyze Checkland’s statement through an extensive review of literatures and drawing on concepts from soft systems thinking, intellectual capital, and communities of practice as well as knowledge management. Peter Checkland developed the SSM (Soft systems methodology) in 1981. The motive behind the development was to develop a strategy for evaluating intricate problem situations and ascertaining satisfactory improvements that suit such situations. According to Jennings and Wattam (1998), SSM helps in attaining improvement to the system through a multistage progression of information collection, explanation, examination, and discussion (p. 36). For instance, an organization experiencing a high labor turnover has to resolve the situation before it detriments the attainment of organizational objectives. From an SSM perspective, the realization that the organization is facing high labor turnover is in reality an outcome of a careful observation of the situation. Intricate details regarding the problem will be collected from various personnel including the HR managers and various departmental heads and recorded by the team of expertise contracted to analyze the situation which will ordinaril y involve more other members from the organization (Ali & Akdemir, 2001, p. 336). Employees will offer their opinions and attitudes regarding the situation. The qualitative

Thursday, September 26, 2019

Market Structure Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Market Structure - Research Proposal Example A detailed research plan has already been made so as to have blue print of what should and should not be done in the process of research. A detailed search for material has been made. Finally, I got all the material on the basis of which the paper is completed. Secondary data alone is used in the studies which are collected from electronic sources. The data collected are analyzed on the basis of required outcome of the research and only relevant data are written in the paper. No primary source such as market survey or product survey is made for the collection of data and analysis. The paper is prepared in such a manner that each question is followed by its answer so that it will be of immense help to the reader to easily understand the situation. A brief structure of the answer is given below: A perfect market is a situation where there are large number of buyers and sellers and all have free entry to and exit from the market. Firms in the perfect market are price takers. Profit is determined by the number of product marketed and the demand for the product. Monopoly is a market structure wherein one seller meets all the demands of the market. Since he is the only seller in the market, the price determined by him is the final price. However, in many cases the existence of monopoly is justified owing to reasons like natural monopoly, legal monopoly and acquired monopoly. But, if there is proper legislation in the country, the problem of monopoly can be reduced. An imperfect market is one which is not a perfect market. Monopoly, Monopolistic and oligopoly arte the examples of imperfect competition. Bibliography G Stigler, (1957)'Perfect Competition, Historically Contemplated', Journal of Political Economy, vol. LXV. Viewed 19 November, 2008, http://www.economyprofessor.com/economictheories/perfect-competition.php Yogesh Ambedkar, (2005). What does Market Monopoly mean Viewed 19 November, 2008, http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/1-13-2005-64198.asp Roderick Hill, (March 2006), The Overemphasis on Perfectly Competitive Markets in Microeconomics Principles Textbooks. Viewed 19 November, 2008, http://www.unbsj.ca/arts/economic/documents/Overemphasisonperfectlycompetitivemarkets.pdf Imperfect Competition notes: (n.d.) viewed 19 November, 2008, http://www.scribd.com/doc/4032087/-Imperfect-Competition-notes Lecture Outlines (n.d.), Monopolistic Competition and Oligopoly, viewed 19 November, 2008, http://www.humboldt.edu/sh2/econ200/e200notes_week11.htm Investopedia (2008), Perfect Competition, viewed 18 November, 2008, http://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/perfectcompetition.asp Perfect Competition (n.d.), Economy Watch, viewed 19 November, 2008, http://www.economywatch.com/economics-theory/market-theory/prefect-competition.html Question No. 1.

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

Week3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Week3 - Essay Example According to research in the textbook, diets that contain saturated fats and trans fats can affect a person’s health negatively since they lead to increase in the level of cholesterol in the blood, which can in turn lead to heart disease and other acute health conditions. Additionally, the textbook indicated that a study was conducted between seven countries in order to understand the link between heart disease and fat diets. The study showed the two populations, which is the Island of Crete and Finland, suffered from heart disease. Indeed, the study found that the food diet in Crete contained less saturated fat as compared to Finland, where death rates linked to heart disease were much higher than Crete. Furthermore, according to Omega article, consuming more fish and food elements that contain omega-3 helps in reducing the risk of getting heart disease. In addition, omega-3 also helps in reducing the effect of some risk factors such as stress that can lead to heart disease and strokes. According to the article â€Å"Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Mood Disorders†, Omega-3 is an important mineral in maintaining ones moods. This is why people with depressive disorders are likely to have mood swings if omega-3 is absent in their diet. Moreover, research shows that the tremendous increase in depression and neurological disorders is being fueled by the increasing consumption of vegetable oils that are rich in the omega-6 fatty acids (Parker et al. 969). However, consumption of foods such as fish, which is rich on omega-3, helps in preventing depression. Dietary changes from traditional foods that include fish eating to western fast food diets have led to increased rates of anxiety, depre ssion, seasonal affective disorder, and suicide (Parker et al. 969-970). Some of the changes that I would like to make when it comes to changing my food diet include consuming more fish and less fast food. Additionally, I will include

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

The Economics of The Death Penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

The Economics of The Death Penalty - Essay Example In the modern times, the world is divided in half as to countries that use capital punishment and countries that do not. Many nations including some of the developing nations have abolished the system of death penalty by any means or methods described above. One country where it would be greatly expected that this system does not operate is the United States of America (USA). Unlike other industrialized nations, some states of the US have capital punishment or death sentence system still intact. The above graph shows the increase and decrease in the execution during periods of 1930 to 2004. If the western part of the globe is reviewed, it would be seen that US is the only western country where death sentences are executed. The executions in the country are linked to the legal system of the country which is considered to one of the most developed systems in the world due to its characterization for respect of human rights (Zimring, 2000). According to article by Zimring published in the MSN Encarta, the practice of death penalty and laws regarding it vary between the states of US. Almost 12 states do not have death penalty but do have life imprisonment laws. This life imprisonment can sometimes be without parole. The rest of the states have different death penalty laws for different kinds and degrees of offences. About 200 to 300 criminals and prisoners are sentenced to death. The use of death penalty as a punishment rose to its heights when the death penalty was reinstated in 1976. Since then more than 600 executions have place in US. The graph taken from Wikipedia.com shows the death penalty status in US since 1976. 29 states out of 38 carried out capital executions in the last two decades. The states which did conduct the execution include Louisiana, Florida, Missouri, Virginia, Georgia, Utah, Texas and many more (Zimring, 2000). If the graph is looked at more closely, it

Monday, September 23, 2019

Errors in crime scene investigating Research Paper

Errors in crime scene investigating - Research Paper Example The court also must make sure that no innocent person is ever wrongly punished or convicted for offences that he or she has not committed. In the modern day, with the advent of technology and the availability of modern forensic test facilities, crime scene investigation (CSI) has acquired much significance in the process of police investigations and the conducting of trials. During 1998, the US Department of Justice, in what could be termed as a landmark study, has unearthed 28 cases of â€Å"wrongful convictions† by means of DNA tests and thus brought to the fore the â€Å"fallibility† of the law enforcement system (Doyle, 2010, 110). In most cases, the jury has relied on eyewitness accounts, which is the â€Å"oldest form of evidence† to pass their verdicts and 24 out of the 28 cases have entailed wrongful conviction due to â€Å"misidentification† (110). This adequately underlines the significance of scientific methods of investigation in determining th e complicity of offenders in the crimes they are accused of and to minimize errors in crime scene investigations. Thus, it transpires that in the interests of imparting criminal justice and to rule out errors in crime scene investigations the law enforcement system needs to deploy advanced technology. ... ost transparent and judicious manner is to facilitate the availability of forensic evidences that can irrefutably link the perpetrator to the crime under investigation. Criminals, invariably in all cases, no matter how meticulous and calculating they are, leave imprints of indelible evidence on the crime scene. While an efficient investigator, with the aid of modern technology will be able to unearth such evidences that can positively identify the perpetrator of crimes and help in proving his or her involvement in the commission or abetting of the crime. An investigation of the crime scene commences with the arrival of the first respondents at the location. Such persons may not necessarily be trained in forensics and hence they need to appreciate the significance of physical evidences that play a â€Å"pivotal and especially valuable role† and are the most â€Å"reliable† evidence (Crime Scene and Physical Evidence, 2009, p.4). Besides, they also must understand the imp ortance of proper custody and handing over of such evidences to the investigation team once they arrive on the scene. This way, the sanctity of the evidence they collect from the scene can be sustained and any possible errors can be ruled out. Crime scene investigation can be understood as a â€Å"process† that seeks to record the scene as it is and to recognize and collect any physical evidences that are â€Å"potentially relevant† to the crime (p.4). The process also envisages adherence to any â€Å"local laws, rules and regulations† that relate to CSI and forensic investigations and ethical as well as human dignity considerations (p.4). Similarly, removing unnecessary items, taking photographs and developing a â€Å"descriptive documentation† of crime scene are significant in the process of CSI (Death

Sunday, September 22, 2019

Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Communication Assignment

Advantages and Disadvantages of Online Communication - Assignment Example Patti’s response is best of all. He starts by defining key terms as given by Ebrahim, Ahmed & Taha, (2008), and their relations. He furthers his explanations by giving detailed accounts of internet communication’s projection in the near future. Advantages and disadvantages are well covered. In stating solutions to the challenges, he quotes (Siebdrat, F., Hoegland, M., & Ernst, H., 2009; Hoch & Kozlowski, 2012). LaTrecia starts by stating the benefits of internet communication, and its transformation to the modes of communication as by Clawson, (2012). However, he notes advantages that are experiencing the case of face-to-face communication as opposed to internet communication with aspects of avoiding possible breakdown of any communication process (Patterson, 2006).   Whitney notes that the concept of internet communication is adopted in business to make operations more effective and efficient (Buttersis, 2010; Cameron & Webster, 2005). He is quite elaborative on the advantages and disadvantages of using internet for communication among co-workers. Face-to-face communication, hence, becomes his solution to the problems associated with and quotes Greenwood (2013) and Patterson (2006) to this respect.

Saturday, September 21, 2019

Jesus Christ Essay Example for Free

Jesus Christ Essay What are some ways the Christian gospel is perceived in our culture? Unfortunately, the Christian gospel is perceived negatively by many people I have encountered in everyday life. Many believe Christianity is a list of â€Å"do’s† and â€Å"don’ts† to which they are not willing to subscribe. Others believe the Christian gospel is one of many paths to heaven. Still, others consider the Christian gospel to be mythological. 2. What are some specific moral reasons people may reject the Christian gospel? People may reject the Christian gospel due to the belief that an all-knowing, all-powerful and loving God would not allow injustice or suffering to exist in the world. Another reason people may reject the Christian gospel is because they cannot believe a loving God would allow anyone to suffer for eternity in hell. 3. What are some specific emotional reasons people may reject the Christian gospel? I have heard numerous people reject the Christian gospel, because of the actions of a few â€Å"bad apples† that have ruined their impression of Christians in general. Therefore, they discount all Christians as â€Å"hypocrites† and reject the Christian gospel entirely. Another emotional reason that a person may reject the gospel is that someone close to them has endured hardship, illness or death that was a â€Å"good person† and they feel this would never happen if God was real. 4. What are some specific intellectual reasons people may reject the Christian gospel? People may reject the Christian gospel, for intellectual reasons, because they cannot comprehend that Jesus Christ was God in human flesh. They cannot comprehend that Jesus Christ could die and then be resurrected, because, in their minds, this defies logic and reason. 5. What can Christians do to address these objections and better communicate the Christian gospel? In order to better communicate the gospel, it is important to be non-argumentative and respectful of the other person’s beliefs when sharing the gospel message. As Christians, we can address these objections by citing the Scriptures, while at the same time putting the message in language that the layman can understand.

Friday, September 20, 2019

My Vision To Become The Office Manager

My Vision To Become The Office Manager My personal leadership goal to lead my life independently is I put my education first in order to achieve the job of my dreams. I aim to get my education stream ended until NZIM and I aim that in the next 3 months. A job should follow in a year or so and then I can support my family needs as my parents retire than. In life I want to be an easy going in the family and not a Hitler type leader I want a balance of rule and freedom in my surround for myself and for others who are around me. By the next 10 years I want to have my own business which I am comfortable to work as and manage my life well as well as love my work. Skills to Develop My manager is the role model for me and I would like to develop my skills like him, he is so kind and talks politely to all staff and also always use magic words like please with the works and he never get angry with the staff members if they do any mistake but he always try to solve in a silence manner. As well the respected leader whom I would like to emulate is my supervisors she always works as a team with all the staff and always tries to help each other. Some of the skills which I would like to develop are to handle the entire machine at work, have good communication with all staff, and be active at work so that everything is done on time at last is time management . Current leadership frame reference The abilities which I would like to develop to become a leader are to become an excellent speaker and built more confident, develop excellent communication skills and empathy for my followers. I would like to get involve in community work and always find a way to help needy people. Target leadership frame of reference. I am a process worker and my target is to become full time supervisor so that it will built more confident in me and I will be able to reach my desired goals in future, my aim is to learn more things about the restaurant duties and develop my leadership skills in it. Counsel and coach myself to be an effective leader The best way to learn about something is to know how you learn the best and no one is better than me who can know how I prefer learning and what motivates me to learn and make a difference. I want to counsel and coach myself first and gain the confidence needed to be an effective leader; because without confidence it is difficult to achieve goals and when we are confident we will keep trying and not give up. This is the first step before I go further developing a leadership role for myself in life and it should take 2 -3 months if I start now. This process should take long because I need to see the circumstances in life, see them every day and think about my role in it and how I can make a difference. Continuously I will compare my new thoughts with other leaders around to see if they also think like I have been thinking about my role and its importance and if it somewhat similar than would mean I am on right track. Discover new aspects, revolutionised and effective theories about leadership In this approach I want to learn the new ways of leadership in the world. The fact that technology, fashion and way of living for people change overtime, I need to keep up with what works the best today. I cannot guide myself to be a leader using the 50 year old policies and ways because it wont be as effective as it was 50 years ago. This process follows after counselling and coaching myself and should also take 3-4 months as this will involve learning and studying case studies and analysing it. In the end, I can also compare my thinking with the outcomes of the case study and see if I had made decisions instead, what would the outcome had been. If, due my decisions I feel like I would have worsen the case or would make bad choice than it would mean I have a long way more to go. Take the bitter test and lead in the worst circumstance The third step in order is to take the bitter test and this will act like a real life practical approach. Because we always make bad performance when we first time ever do something, this approach will teach me how I perform and where I should improve. But, most importantly this is a bitter test and I will try to lead myself in the worst case scenario like take the tuff case. The reason for taking the bitter test is because however I perform in it I will learn the most because there would be nothing worse than the situation I use to lead myself in. This symbolises the saying that you aim for the stars, you will at least fall on the moon; so even if I fail to lead perfectly in my bitter test, I will actually perform better in least difficult leading task I have and eventually overtime be capable to lead in my leadership roles. This process I think will take 1 2 years depending on what the task is as if it is career than the task will be a long way from now. I will setup a achievement list that has a due date and the activities and abilities with due dates and I should achieve them before the dates specified as this will be a long leadership approach. Consult an experienced leader and learn the gaps The best way to learn my mistakes is to get an individual who is much unbiased while giving me the facts about my abilities. Obviously, whatever decision I make will be based upon my thinking and morally what we think and do, is what we feel is right so it is not possible for me to decide if I am doing the right thing the right way. Getting help from an experienced leader to tell me unbiased gaps in my plan is a good way to fix my mistakes and seal the gaps which is sure to be created by an inexperienced learning leader. Gaps are sure case in every beginning for every leaders career and those gaps are otherwise sealed through experience but, for me to use an experienced leader in my plan, I will be able to minimise those gaps of inefficiency which I will create in the future. This approach should be my second last approach which should take 1 2 months and I will evaluate my progress by frequently visit my chosen leader and take advises and about my experience and he / she will decide how I perform. Be part of a group of leaders to share and learn new things The last and final steps to start the process of making something good out of my life is match and compare my talents with all others in the same field of becoming a good leader for themselves and others in their lives. Because no two leaders are always same into dealing over the same issue, this means we can learn each others way of getting the same result with different acts and perspectives. In this approach I aim to get insights, experiences and learn more techniques that will enhance my abilities further. The brain storm team will include at least 3 people and we will share our knowledge and ideas on how to successfully become good leaders of our life. This approach would be a maximum of 1 month process and I will evaluate the process by making notes and matching it against my choices and perspectives and see what new things I learn everyday from the other learners and once I see that I know other learners actions and we all think like each other as well than that would mean I have successfully completed this process.

Thursday, September 19, 2019

Requirement English Composition :: essays research papers

Few Americans can understand the elaborate and superlative language of the Constitution or Declaration of Independence. This results from a lack in English education in all academic tiers. Dropping English composition from the requirements for Associate degrees would further decimate the form and lexicon of our verbal and written language by removing a critical exposure to language development. An erosion of complexity in language would result, affecting every level of existence. A diluted language would destroy critical thinking and remove the tools that allow people to intellectually express themselves. Thus, society would take another step towards approximating ignoramuses. We can hardly suffer anymore erosion of our language before it becomes entirely consumed by four letter words and contractions. Composition is a cure to this disease. When a student witnesses the impotence of their writing they can perceive the need to improve their writing abilities. It forces students to purify their thoughts and therefore use more elaborate yet succinct words. Without a medium to see their weakness there is no incentive to change and empowerment does not occur. The process of putting words to paper gives students a concrete example of their thoughts. They are allowed to analyze their views with an outside perspective. This facilitates a critical thinking state of mind in which the student can better develop their thoughts. Critical thinking enables students to move away from colloquialisms and clichà ©s as they struggle to improve and clarify their writing. Thus, critical thinking necessitates advancement in the ability to express complex ideas. This reinforces the demand for the student to develop a manifold and potent vocabulary. It will be a tragic day when Americans cannot understand the

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

Organ Transplantation and Ethical Considerations Essay -- Medicine Med

Organ Transplantation and Ethical Considerations In February 2003, 17-year-old Jesica Santillan received a heart-lung transplant at Duke University Hospital that went badly awry because, by mistake, doctors used donor organs from a patient with a different blood type. The botched operation and subsequent unsuccessful retransplant opened a discussion in the media, in internet chat rooms, and in ethicists' circles regarding how we, in the United States, allocate the scarce commodity of organs for transplant. How do we go about allocating a future for people who will die without a transplant? How do we go about denying it? When so many are waiting for their shot at a life worth living, is it fair to grant multiple organs or multiple transplants to a person whose chance for survival is slim to none? And though we, as compassionate human beings, want to help everyone, how far should our benevolence extend beyond our borders? Are we responsible for seeing that the needy who come to America for help receive their chance, or are we morally responsible to our own citizens only? Rationing scarce resources presents an ethical challenge. I believe that since available organs are so scarce, it is imperative that the utility of donated organs be maximized. In this paper, I suggest that organ allocation be rooted in distributive justice, which demands that equals be treated equally and unequals be treated unequally. I will explore this formal principle and the substantive criteria of equality, need and efficacy (maximum survivability) as they relate to the just allocation of organs for transplant. I will apply these principles of justice to JÃ ©sica's case to show that while her first transplant was warranted, her second was not. And, fin... ...ut Transplant Error," www.ormanager.com/tools/letter.pdf Kher, Unmesh and Paul Cuadros, "A Miracle Denied," Time Magazine, (March 3, 2003): 61. Kirkpatrick, C.D. and Jim Shamp, "Was Second Transplant a Waste of Organs?" (Herald-Sun, 3/2/03), www.herald-sun.com/archives Munson, Ronald, Intervention and Reflection, 6 ed (Belmont: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning, 2000). Ubel, Peter A. Robert M. Arnold and Arthur L. Caplan, "Rationing Failure: The Ethical Lessons Of the Retransplantation of Scarce Vital Organs," reprinted in Arthur L. Caplan and Daniel H. Coelho, The Ethics of Organ Transplants, (Amhurst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1998), 260-73. Veatch, Robert M., Transplantation Ethics, (Washington, DC: Georgetown UP, 2000), 277-413. Vedantam, Shankar, "U.S. Citizens Get More Organs Than They Give," (Washington Post, 3/3/03), www.washingtonpost.com/ac2

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

The Racial Debate of Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Es

The Racial Debate of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, throughout the years, has provoked many debates pertaining to racism. A variety of individuals believe that Mark Twain expressed apparently racist ideas. The reason being, this novel shows the relationships between blacks and whites in the nineteenth century and all the ugliness that accompanied these associations. However, this novel is not a racist novel; it shows these situations not to promote racism, but to bring a better understanding of the subject and how one can overcome individual prejudices and grow from these experiences.   This novel shows Huck Finn, a product of this insufferable society, coming to the realization of how uncivilized and ignorant his white peers have become.   By showing these situations and the transformations Huck goes through, the reader sees racism and its effects in real life settings.   It is imperative for the reader to recognize the ideas and repulsiveness of the South at that time in history; and Twain with his writing of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn attempts to challenge these ideas throughout the novel. Twain shows the irony and hypocrisy of treating people as property through Huck's eyes, and uses Huck to educate us in the immorality of this practice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   For many of Twain's critics, this novel is racism with a face on it and for the most obvious reason; the word "nigger" is used throughout.   But seeing the novel takes place in the Deep South about twenty years before the Civil War, it would be highly unusual if they didn't use this word. James M. Cox wrote, The language is neither imprisoned in a frame nor distorted into a caricature; rather, it becom... ...laude M Simpson. Englewood Cliffs,N.J. 1968. Fishkin, Shelley Fisher, Phd. "Teaching Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finn", 1995, July Summer Teachers Institute, Hartford, Connecticut @1995 http://www.pbs.org/wgbn/cultureshorck/teachers/huck/essay.html Leavis, F.R. "Introduction to Pudd'nhead Wilson". (London: Chatto and   Windus, Ltd., 1955) Rpt. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Ed. Claude M Simpson. Englewood Cliffs,N.J. 1968. Twain, Mark. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001. Zwick, Jim. "Civil Rights or Book Banning? Three New Approaches to Huckleberry Finn" http://www.boondocksnet.com/twainwww/essays/civil_rights9809.html Hentoff, Nat. "Expelling Huck Finn". Jewish World Review   29 Nov. 1999. www.Jewishworldreview.com/cols/hentoff/12999.asp

Monday, September 16, 2019

Disc Brake System: How Does It Work Essay

Brake system is a device that creates frictions to slow down and eventually to stop the movement of an object. There are a few different types of brakes; however, they are all built on the same principle of friction. In automotive, the most common type of brake today is the disc brake because it provides higher efficiency and more safety to users. Disc brake consists of brake fluid, a piston, a caliper, brake pads, a rotor, and a hub. The following is a basic description of a disc brake’s mechanism. 1.When the brake pedal is pressed, the brake fluid is forced to enter the caliper cylinder where the piston is sitting in. In turn, that fluid pushes the piston, which is attached with a brake pad on the other end, toward the rotor. 2.Once the brake pad is in contact with the rotor, the caliper contracts to bring the other brake pad to contact with the other side of the rotor as well. The pushing of both brake pads against the rotor generates a friction force that will slow the rotation of the rotor and eventually bring it to a stop. 3. Because the wheel attaches to the hub and the hub attaches to the rotor, thus, when the rotor is slowed down, the wheel is also slowed down. 4.Meanwhile, the friction between the tire and the surface of the road also acts to slow the rotation of the wheel. Disc brake can generate a significant amount of friction. This is why its main applications usually involve movement with great velocity such as cars and aircraft. Because disc brake does require more maintenance than other simpler brake and because brake is directly related to your safety when driving, it is recommended to have your brakes checked regularly by a licensed brake technician/specialist.

Titus Andronicus Character Study

What do we learn about Titus Andronicus in the opening to Shakespeare’s play? Our first introduction to the character of Titus Andronicus is by way of a speech my his son, Marcus, who represents the voice of the common people in the election campaign for emperory, declaring that Titus Andronicus has been chosen by the people of Rome to be the next emperor. He hails Titus as a hero, saying that there is not a nobler or braver warrior to be found within all of Rome. He is obviously held in great esteem by Marcus, who calls him ‘good Andronicus’, and ‘Renowned’ Titus. These descriptions of him using the positive epithets are powerful yet very simple to understand. He is portrayed in a very positive light, and is well respected within Rome for his many years of military campaigns against the enemies of Rome. He returns a hero, with a claim to the title of emperor. However, his successes have not come without great person losses, as we learn he has buried many of his sons on return from his various military causes. The first insight we see into his character is one of cruelty and vengefulness, when he rejects Tamora’s pleas to spare her first-born son and is the perpetrator of extreme violence, sacrificing him in revenge for the deaths of his sons at the hands of the Goth’s, her people. This view of Titus as a merciless killer starkly contradicts what we had learned about him from Marcus, who led us to expect Titus to be honourable and good and sets the tone for the play as dark and brutal. The sudden violence is a shock, and we see that there are two sides to his character: the much loved hero and the ruthless warrior. Titus has fought for Rome for 40 years, so is quite old by Roman standards and though he has been chosen by the people to be their emperor, he feels that he is not suitable to rule: â€Å"A better head her glorious body fits, than his that shakes for age and feebleness. † Here he is saying that he feels he is no fit to rule an empire as glorious as the Roman Empire, and relinquishes he claim to rule. This humbleness of character is a huge contrast from the violent nature we saw him display when he demanded the death of Alarbus. He asks for a ‘staff of honour’ instead of a ‘sceptre to control the world’ and favours Saturnine to be emperor in his place, as he is the late emperor’s eldest son, showing that he values tradition over the far more virtuous character or Bassianus. He then shows loyalty to the unlikeable Saturninus over his own son, mercilessly killing him when he stands in his way. This second brutal act because of his slavish loyalty to Rome provokes even the violent Goths to declare that they are not ‘half so barbarous’ as Rome. The ‘honourable’ Titus that we were first introduced to actually shows contempt for honour in trying to force his daughter to break her betrothal, and his wild devotion to Roman customs causes more harm than good, especially to him; he quickly goes from being the favourite of Rome to being despised by Saturnine because of the betrayal of his family. His actions seem chaotic and random, yet follow the ongoing theme of revenge, making ‘Titus Andronicus’ a revenge tragedy.

Sunday, September 15, 2019

Database Enviroment Essay

THE DATABASE ENVIRONMENT: A database defines a structure for storing information and it collects information that is organized in such a way that a computer program can quickly select desired pieces of data. A database can also be thought of as an electronic filing system. Data and information are extracted from a database by creating a query and then submitting it to the query database management system (DBMS) and it is posed in a language that only the DBMS can understand. PROBLEMS AND CONSTRAINTS: The museum’s current system is efficient but there seems to be some problems with the rights and privileges to the current users. For example, all users currently have the rights to input registration dates for certain events. The current system in not tracking the dates therefor there is no log of how many people are attending or the dates that they are supposed to attend. There seems to be lost inventory because the inventory does not match the reports that are generated. Some other problems that may exist is if artwork is removed and it is not enter into the database location it will not be updated. The reports also take too long to generate and scan the inventory. This requires the help of a user who has better access to the system rights. The administrator will have the rights to go in, access information and change and fix issues that occur. The basic employees will have limited rights to access certain information such as certain artist and artwork in the museum as well as dates that the artist will be in the museum. There is also a need for an explicit backup and recovery implementation. The administrator also needs to track openings for new artwork in the museum. Security The administrative support can use the systems database along with other authorized personal as long as he or she has a username and a password to access it. The system is password protected and is a secure system. Security is a plus when using a database where many users will be accessing the system. There will be a set standard to what a user can and cannot do based on what their position is on the databases. OBJECTIVES: The Museum of Fine Arts needs to install an updated database to track the new and existing art work along with the location of the art and artist as well as new artist. It needs to store all of the artists information as far as phone numbers, how many pieces of art they have in the museum, as well as clients that have purchased artwork or that is interested in certain pieces of art. The database also needs to store the quantity of art pieces sold and its current inventory at the museum along with the prices. They also need to log the attendance of the people that come to the museum. This system is maintained so that personnel have the ability to check the artist details, updated artwork as well as the entire museum notices, if any should be in the database. SCOPE AND BOUNDARIES: The scope is to design a database that holds the museums information in a secure environment. The database design will encompass one or more functions in a single environment or department. One of the boundaries is working with the existing hardware. Since the new database system will use standard reusable components, such as standard date routines or file access routines that will be modified. We will improve service by providing an information system to respond to customer inquiries which is all screen based. Cost of implementing the database, training and training materials for the employees might be another boundary. We will also, be implementing a disaster recovery plan for the system. Data Specifications List- Purpose- The purpose is to store information about the artists as well as current and new artwork in the museum. The database will also store information about the entire inventory that is currently in the museum along with the sale prices. A list of the major entities and the attributes about which information will be captured. Entities Attributes 1. ArtworkYear and Date Made, size, name 2. ArtistName, Artist ID number, Phone number, 3. PriceHow many   SaleDate of purchase, Item Purchases, Cost of Item Functionality- The data will be used to generate reports and track the inventory that is in the museum as well as facilitate searching and matching of the artist and artwork. Data Quality- The art museums manager and assistant manager will work to keep the data up to date. The data quality of the art museum is very important to the operation of the business. Without data quality for the museum it could lead to the loss of cliental, artist, revenue and potential closing of the art museum. Business Rules- There is many business rules that apply to the database. To determine whether a client is considered â€Å"active† or â€Å"inactive† they should have some type of communication and or contribute artwork to the museum every six months. Certain client’s information is mandatory such as address but we need to have at least their name and two contact numbers. The art museums manager is the only one who has the authority to authorize particular transactions. Classifications –The classification schemes that might be used by the database is alphabetical order or last names first. Data, which is categorized in a meaningful way, is much easier to search, sort and report on. User Interface-The user interface should look and behave in a simple manor for the user to navigate between different parts of the database. Specific functionality should be implemented and easy to use for such things as searching, adding new records and updating existing records. Reports- There are many reports that are required. There needs to be an inventory report done weakly to track the inventory. There needs to be an expense report generated as well as a loss and gain report. Security- The access to certain data needs to be restricted by user name and password because some information in the database contains sensitive information. The manager will be the only one that can add, edit or delete information. The types of art, prices and the artist information will be accessible to people outside of the museum via the internet. Scale- The museum needs a large database considering the amount of work it is required to do for example, the records the database will contain and the fact that it is available 24 hours a day. Operating Environment- The museum will need a system that can be added to in the future. References: Management-Hub.Com. (2013). Understanding the Objectives of Database Management in an Organization. Retrieved February 2, 2013, from URL http://www.management-hub.com/database-management-objectives.html Benda, S. (2011).Constraints and the Test-Driven Database Retrieved January 30, 2013, from URL http://www.simple-talk.com Peter, R. and Coronel, C. (2009). Database Systems: Design, Implementation, and Management –Computers, Scope and Boundaries. Retrieved February 1, 2013 from URL http://books.google.com University of Phoenix. (2004).Week Two overview. Retrieved February 1, 2013, from University of Phoenix, Week Two, Resource. DBM/380-Database Designs Web site: www.ecampus.phoenix.edu

Saturday, September 14, 2019

The Female Role in a Male Dominated Society

Women are sometimes undermined by the culture in which they live in. Only recently have they begun to be looked at as near equals to men and given a voice. Still, in some countries women may be pushed aside and left without a say in important decision-making. In the momentous novel The House of the Spirits, by Isabel Allende, the wife of each generation is a matriarch in her family. Individually they rise above cultural trends, and their husbands or lovers, to exercise the fact that women are important. Women can be as powerful as men, even in a male-dominated society. This is why Nivea, Clara, Blanca, and Alba make their voices and actions heard during difficult times in a developing country. American women were willing to go to extreme lengths to make their voice heard and receive the right to vote. Their efforts did not go unnoticed. News articles stated that â€Å"Their issues are legitimate and cut across socioeconomic and party lines,† (Brenner,1-2) and that the Suffragist’s would be willing to hold an all night vigile to make sure their right to vote was no longer delayed(New York Times, 1). The House of the Spirits takes place in Chile during the 1900’s. The story begins in the Del Valle household. Nivea is the current matriarch. She is a firm believer in women’s suffrage and equality. Nivea was the first woman of the novel to display her affection towards the underprivileged. She stood on crates and boxes to preach to the hard-working women wearing rags and working in factories that paid next to nothing. She brings Clara along with her after discovering that her family does everything they can to avoid Clara’s clairvoyant powers. Nivea and her suffragette friend inspire Clara at a young age to understand and grasp the absurdity of the issue. Her trends are absorbed by the following generations of women in her family. Esteban Trueba is Clara’s husband, an angry man who is violent to his many workers and doesn’t take rule from anyone. His success and authority of Tres Marias, his father’s old hacienda, turned him into a tough skinned man that not many people had control over. His mother’s death causes him to, one day, look for a wife. Esteban decides to go to the Del Valle house and inquire about a daughter able to marry him. Nivea offers him Clara, her last available daughter (88-89). Clara instantly has a power over Esteban. Her laugh and her smile are astonishing to Esteban Trueba, her beauty takes over him and he decides to marry her (90-91). Though Esteban is a dominating character he finds that he is unable to control Clara. I wanted to possess her absolutely, down to her last thought, but that diaphanous woman would float by me like a breath of fresh air, and even if I held her down with my hands and embraced her with all my strength, I could never make her mine. Her spirit wasn’t with me. (Allende, 177) Clara’s place as Esteban’s wife, and only love, capture him completely. She was the only person that could influence him and the only person that he would listen to. At one point he even changes the currency used on Tres Marias, a territory forbidden strictly to Esteban Trueba’s rule, because Clara feels that it would be nicer for the tenant’s to have a form of paper money. Esteban indeed stops handing the tenant’s pink slips and begins paying them with real money (178). Blanca and Alba are mother and daughter, both who have lovers involved in a revolution against the Conservative Government.

Friday, September 13, 2019

Hispanics In US Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hispanics In US - Essay Example Racial abuse is a serious offence and should be dealt with serious punishments. In US the Hispanics are the largest immigrants. They migrated from the neighboring country Mexico And other Latin countries. Since these countries were not as developed as US and their socio-economic structure was on decline, many of the citizens were forced to migrate to US. In US, Hispanic immigrants have less education and less skill set, even among Hispanic women also. Apart from other groups these Hispanics have less human capital, so they have very less employers in their group and it is indirectly affecting their economic status and social environment also. Gender inequality was always prevailed among the Hispanics. Since they were not the major community and further more they were immigrants, they had to face the brunt of racial abuse. One of the reasons of racial abuse was, fear among the US citizens was losing the jobs to these immigrants. Since the Hispanics were ready to work for fewer wages there always lies the danger of losing jobs. Most of the Hispanics were less unskilled or semi-skilled. This makes them of losing jobs very often. This brings more responsibilities on average Hispanic women. Now she has to work outside to meet the daily requirements and look after the family. In Hispanic community, very less skill level people are there and job

Thursday, September 12, 2019

Does a mentoring program offered in hospitals for newly hired nurses Essay

Does a mentoring program offered in hospitals for newly hired nurses help retention - Essay Example As a mentor he or she demonstrates and promotes lifelong learning and is able to reveal tremendous communication and critical thinking skills. Further a mentor is trusted and appreciated as a leader in his or her organization for honesty and integrity. The mentor looks after and is compassionate to the needs of others and support freedom, maturity, and professional growth (Barton et al., 2005). At all stages of human life, nurses provide the care that attaches medical treatment with patients daily lives. Frequently working at top speed for 10- or 12-hour shifts, they make vital decisions and handle emotional situations. Various Nursing Institutions brings nurses up to that high performance level through a mentoring program that teaches them how to apply their skills on the nursing profession. The mentoring program helps new nurses make the changeover from classroom to the patient’s bedside. This teaches them to take responsibilities with confidence in a protected environment of working along with their mentor (University of Virginia, 2003). The Center for Health Workforce Planning of Iowa conducted an aggressive application method for three groups of projects targeting recruitment and retention of nurses and nursing assistive personnel. The groups were: demonstration projects to identify best practice strategies for successful recruitment and retention; mentor programs to ease employee retention; and personnel motivation incentive packages. The demonstration plans and mentoring programs submitted the final reports that acknowledged best practices. The Center’s Advisory Committee recommended the continuation of the demonstration plans for complete evaluation, replications and communication of the best practices (Towers, 2004). Workplace mentoring, and on-line resources will help nurses in improving their skills. Working with Nursing organizations, nursing

Wednesday, September 11, 2019

Resource Review - Social Media and Vaccine Rejection Essay

Resource Review - Social Media and Vaccine Rejection - Essay Example What is social media’s role in all of this? Traditionally, geographic proximity was necessary for mobilizing anti-vaccination forces. However, social media has circumvented this potential barrier, allowing individuals from disparate regions who likely would not have otherwise communicated to come into contact. In this process, individuals who had otherwise had their viewpoints rejected and been marginalized can be emboldened and can feel empowered. Social media also provides these individuals with new dynamic mechanisms to communicate their viewpoints. Researchers have observed this in several ways while studying vaccine concerns. 7 Vaccination is an important aspect of modern medicine and has been used to avert adverse effects of many diseases. It is believed that vaccines have saved more lives across the world more than any other medical product. The history of vaccination can be traced to 429 BC when the Greek historian, Thucydides noted that those who suffered from small pox in Athens were not re-infected with the disease. During the 900 AD, Chinese discovered and used a vaccination form called variolation which was carried as early as 10th century but was most used between 14th and 17th centuries (Hsu, 2012). The technology used to prevent people from small pox during this time was exposing healthy individuals to tissue from the disease’s scabs. Even though variolation caused mild illness and sometimes death, the rate of small pox infections were lower in many populations. During 1796, Dr. Edward Jenner, a British physician discovered the modern vaccination and proved to the medical professionals that it worked. This led to the support for vaccination in 1803 and founding of the Royal Jennerian institute which popularize vaccination in Europe and United States (Hsu, 2012). However, during 1870s, vaccination encountered violent oppositions as it spreads since

Tuesday, September 10, 2019

How has Six Sigma delivered revolutionary change to todays Information Essay

How has Six Sigma delivered revolutionary change to todays Information Systems - Essay Example It will have to reduce cycle times and increase the level of both product and service quality. A coordinated effort is necessary to reduce variation in everything the company does, including office filing, typing, and so on. Some of the tools used include Statistical Process Control (SPC), preventative maintenance, vendor certification, and standardization and simplification of parts and production. An example of the coordinated effort needed was described by George Fisher, president and CEO, who explained the six steps necessary to achieve these lofty goals. All persons and departments must first identify the product or service they provide. His comments were in reference to the companys philosophy about customer service and quality improvement. In reference to customers they serve, employees should ask themselves, "What do I do?" The answer could range from manufacturing a tangible product to assessing something being communicated to those outside their group or department. Second, they should identify the customers for their product or service and determine what they consider important. Employees should ask, "For whom do I work?" and, to answer this question, ask each customer, "What product or service do you need from us?" and "Why do you need it?" Sometimes the answer to this question may be obvious; sometimes it is not. Third is a need to identify what the employee needs to satisfy the customer. Each person must ask, "What do I need to do my work better?" This question is the essence of trying to make improvements by eliminating, simplifying, or combining. Information can come from phone calls, physical equipment, or other data. Once people have determined their needs, they can then sit down with those who supply them with goods and services and determine what they need to do their work. The fourth step is for employees to define the

Monday, September 9, 2019

Video summary and reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Video summary and reflection - Essay Example As such, the report also indicated that the government has directed Internet providers to ban access to Facebook. Reflection: One strongly believes that people from all walks of life, depending on values, traditions and beliefs, have the right to assert what they think conforms to their philosophies and ideals. As such, for Muslim countries with deep regard and belief in Islamic teachings, the violations noted for posting the prophet’s image could actually be devastating. As such, one affirms that the government should take a stand and enjoin other Muslim countries in asserting concrete policies and procedures regarding this particular concern at the soonest possible time to resolve this issue. Introduction: The video entitled â€Å"Malala Yousafzai, 16, and Her Miraculous Story of Surviving Being Shot by the Taliban† reported by ABC News was published online through YouTube foretold of a remarkable story of a young teen-aged girl named Malala Yousufza. Summary: The video documented the remarkable story of Malala Yousufza, specifically after she was shot by a Taliban rebel for speaking in behalf of millions of young girls to be educated. Accordingly, she was nominated for a Nobel Peace prize. Malala narrated what she remembered just before she was shot. There were a number of miracles that happened and contributed to saving Malala’s life: the presence of a top specialist in pediatrics trauma, Dr. Feona Reynolds; the lending of a plane with complete medical facilities; and how the bullet apparently ricocheted from the skull to be diverted to her shoulders. The story was considered a miracle. Reflection: The story was very moving and touching. It attested that miracles still happen in life. One is convinced that there is still a more powerful force beyond what humans can understand who ultimately governs man’s purpose in life. As manifested and exhibited by the

Sunday, September 8, 2019

International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International business - Essay Example A trademark is infringed when, without the owners’ consent, another party uses a substantially similar mark in connection with the advertisement or sale of goods or service, and this is likely to cause confusion, mistake, or deception regarding their origin. A trademark owner who wins an infringement suit can obtain an injunction against uses of the mark that are likely to cause confusion. In certain circumstance, the owner can also obtain money damage for provable injury resulting from the infringement and for profits realized by the defendant from the sale of infringing product or service. The shop, SpeedEX, was doing a brisk business packing and shipping items for its customers. McDodgy remembered thinking to himself: â€Å"I want a piece of that action!† to that end, on his first day as an Agelino, McDodgy rented commercial space on Redondo Beach, and set up shop copying the SpeedEX logo exactly, except for one slight difference: the two â€Å"e† ‘s in SpeedEX were changed to one â€Å"u†. He promptly incorporated the business and registered its mark, using it on his letterhead, email, business cards, and of course, a sign for the shop. McDodgy’s new business, SpudEx, Inc. claimed to provide delicious, hot French fries in 3 minutes or less, or else they were free, and used the slogan: â€Å"SpudEx: FastFreies, or FreeFries†/ McDodgy figured that since SpudEx was an entirely different business than SpeedEx, its copying of the logo was not infringing on any trademarks. He also felt secure that since he was operation all the way across town form SpeedEx in Redondo Beach, he would be sage form a law suit. There are above 7 issues are related to provision of the Lanham Act and the Dilution of Trade Marks. The Lanham Act, which establishes federal protection for certain marks, defines as any word, name, symbol, device, or any combination of these. In certain limited situation

Saturday, September 7, 2019

Business advantages for mobile apps Research Paper - 1

Business advantages for mobile apps - Research Paper Example The members of a business organization at various horizontals and verticals can stay focused, up-to-date and organized for all business operations. An overwhelming advantage is the cutting edge marketing procedure offered by the mobile applications. The launching of mobile applications is easier and faster than loading of a mobile website. The interference of mobile phones in the professional lives of people helps in reducing time for marketing products and services. The target customers can be reached through their mobile smart phones through promotional messages even when they cannot access their emails. The mobile applications are applications that are run through the internet and are intended to run on mobile smart phones and other mobile devices. The customized mobile applications developed by the business house allow the company to manifold its performance. The increased flexibility and performance is a key advantage of mobile application technology (Mallick, 2003, 196). Mobiles phones are personal devices and each person has a unique experience of accessing the mobile applications. Services like geo-location services, video footage and audio recordings for advertisements, news applications and various features attracts the interest of the customers to install the applications in their mobile devices (McClure et al, 2012, p. 10). The internet services that were previously available only on the desktops or laptops have now arrived on mobile phones. There are three distinct advantages identified with the use of mobile applications; these are â€Å"speed, volume of information, an d advertising† (Walters, 2012). Speed is of prime importance in today’s society. In our daily rat race most of us cannot afford to spend the amount of time staring at the computer while it boots up and gets ready for an internet session. Students, working people and others mostly access the internet these days on mobile phones. The mobile applications do not

A Look Into The Arts Essay Example for Free

A Look Into The Arts Essay Art is one aspect of the past that has carried on for decades. Art in any form may it be poetry, novels, and playwright, sculpting as well as painting, has been an outlet for generations and continues to be an outlet and a means for expression. This paper will discuss â€Å" The Mona Lisa† one of Da Vinci’s most famous paintings, as well as another great painting, Antonio Veneziano’s â€Å"Virgin and Child†(c. 1380). Both paintings focus on the human form and exhibit many variations of styles from lines, shading, color and possible meanings behind the work. The first piece of artwork that will be looked is from the Renaissance Era. Da Vinci’s â€Å"Mona Lisa†(c. 1519) a painting that is known around the world, which has been known to cause skepticism as to who is this woman. Did she really exist? Or is this merely a self-portrait that Da Vinci was able to show his private devotion for the female form? The second piece of artwork that will be discussed is from The Middle Ages. Antonio Veneziano’s â€Å"Virgin and Child†(c. 1380) both pieces of art work stem from different eras but share many commonalities as well as shows the transformation of art techniques from Sfumato, to perspective, as well as linear perspective, Humanism, foreshortening and more between each era. In the Early Renaissance Era, artists from Da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael Sanzio, Piero della Francesca, Sandro Botticelli and more, developed a passion and ability to create art that could capture a moment may it be a beautiful moment or tragic moment. These artists were also able spark creativity and question in the human mind as to what is or was and why. Much like the middle Ages, art from both eras focused on religious forms, humanism, from the finite details of a lock of hair to the muscle tone. The Renaissance era developed the linear perspective to create; depth and angles in work, though the Middle Ages opened the door for linear perspective to be created. Most depictions from the Middle Ages showed a human form that was stiff and schematic, like a rough draft that was never completed. However art from the Renaissance Era had a profound effect on European art. Lilian H. Zirpolo (SNHU. Chapter 8. 2012 FAS 201, Introduction to Humanities I.) Stated â€Å" The outburst of creativity of the era, resulted in the most influential artistic revolution ever to have taken place.† There was so much depth and thought put into Renaissance art that it was the stepping-stone for all who dared to create. Da Vinci’ s the â€Å"Mona Lisa†(c.1519) holds Miss. Zirpolo’s statement to be true. When viewing the piece, one can see the exquisite line work and Foreshortening, to linear perspective. This art form shows his attention to detail and his passion for his work. The â€Å"Mona Lisa† (c.1519) is a small piece of artwork that became very popular. To this day the â€Å"Mona Lisa†(c.1519) still triumphs over Michelangelo’s â€Å"Creation Of Adam† (c.1511), which became a part of the â€Å"Sistine Chapel.†(C.1512) When one views â€Å"The Mona Lisa† they can see the dark color scale that is used, perhaps to depict an unhappy time. Da Vinci through out this piece is able to use an aerial perspective within the background of this portrait. Da Vinci was the first artist to successfully depict an aerial perspective. Da Vinci also uses Sfumato in his negative space by blending, blurring and softening the landscape, this technique is used to create a gradual transition between areas of different color, avoiding sharp outlines, to which I believe was done as to not take away the focal point in his positive space of the canvas. Another great aspect to the â€Å"Mona Lisa† is that is demonstrates the art of science discoveries that came to fruition in the Renaissance period, which is that they were able to acknowledge how the eye perceives light, thusly how light reacts with colors and how the human eye adapts to the change in color and light. So why is that of any significance in art? Well when one takes a painting such as the â€Å"Mona Lisa† once can see how the color gradation changes to separate the neck and face from her clothing. It creates more of a realistic feel to the art. The Middle Ages on the other hand focused on two-dimensional compositions, their depictions of humans were frail and stiff, and the human art form was inert. (SNHU. The Middle Ages. 2012 FAS 201, Introduction to Humanities I.) Like art from the Renaissance, they also focused a lot on Religion, saint hood and humans. In fact it depicted the importance of humans based on the size they were painted or sculpted. It focused on women and God, as the two were of major importance at the time. Woman we scared and givers of life and love, their beauty was unfounded and they were cherished. God was the almighty and the one who created a life form that woman were there to carry on the tradition, so to speak. Is it believed through the Bible and studies that Jesus was born into this world as a miracle from a virgin. So Antonio Veneziano’s â€Å"Virgin and Child†(c. 1380) upholds that belief and leaves room for discussion. In the early times of God and Mary and the birth of Christ it was believed that Immaculate Conception was possible, as pre-martial sex was a sin. So to have depictions of such a scene may make one wonder if it was at all possible at one point in time. This picture depicts a Virgin mother coddling her newborn, both are pictured with a â€Å"halo† above their heads which signifies the importance of their religion and the acceptance of religion into not only their life but into Gods life. As you can see here as well as in the â€Å"Mona Lisa† there is a contrast between light and dark as to separate the two bodies and distinguish the Virgin from the Child. In a personal opinion in the color choice of the Virgin as compared to the Child, I would say that light colors are used for the child because he is born pure and free from sin, where as the Virgin is with sin and thusly wears a dark robe. Art from the middle ages depicts religious events, because it was the basis of life at the time. Most art from that time were done by artists who either choose to or had to be anonymous, they we for the most part two dimensional pieces of art work with a single color background, which when looking at Antonio Veneziano’s â€Å"Virgin and Child†(c. 1380) one can see how this, the background is primarily one color, it has been shaded to show detail in the halo and architect, but holds close to the standard for Middle Aged era art. Though the painting is set fourth to show a natural pose of a mother and child, the line work and attention to detail in the human form lacks. This painting though a well painted, blends the line work of the bodies making the figures seem almost uncomfortable in their poses. The colors used in this painting may foreshadow an unhappier time for the two, as dark colors tend to represent tragic, mournful and displeased events. As one can see the â€Å"Mona Lisa† from the Renaissance and the â€Å"Virgin and Child† from the Middle Ages, share many similarities in terms of their impressions of humans. Both eras focus their art on humanism, religious, two and three dimensional works of art, the hatching used to create depth and more dimensions. Both the Renaissance and the Middle Ages have very different ways of executing the precision of the human form. The Renaissance paid very close attention to detail, the line work that is depicted in the human form is natural and lifelike, and where as artists from the Middle Ages who painted humans were stiff and motionless. Though both Eras have great works of art, it was the Renaissance that had more of a well-rounded and idealistic way of executing their work, thusly making it one of the better Eras for art. Resources Page: SNHU. Chapter Seven The Middle Ages. 2012 FAS 201, Introduction to Humanities I. SNHU. Module Eight The Renaissance, Reformation and Age of Exploration.† 2012 FAS 201, Introduction to Humanities I.

Friday, September 6, 2019

Contextualising Our Countrys Good Essay Example for Free

Contextualising Our Countrys Good Essay The historical context of this play is most key, in that the play its self is based on the past. In mid seventeenth century there was a fear within the middle and upper classes of the raising crime rate, largely due to an increasing population and high unemployment figures. The chosen solution to this problem was the transportation of convicts to Australia, where they could be used as slaves to build a naval outpost. The writer Timberlake Wertenbaker was born in the United States, and also lived in France. Shortly after moving to London she became a play write, and is said to have produced her best work, including Our Countrys Good, during the 1980s. She wrote the play after she had read up on the history of the transportation of convicts from England to Australia. To do so she used resources such as the novel The Playmaker by Thomas Keneally, and journals of marines sent to Australia. Through these journals she could get a useful insight into what life for convict was really like. She could learn of the marines frustration that they had been sent to do just a job, in such a place, and the way in which they took out these frustrations on the convicts. Her knowledge of such wrong doings comes through very clearly in the text in scenes, and also through characters such as Sergeant Robbie Ross. Through these marines journals historians were also able to discover that in 1789 several convicts, and one officer put on a play for the whole colony. Through this they were able to teach themselves and their observers of compassion, co-operation and creativity. This is the key story in Our Countrys Good. In keeping with this realistic approach Timberlake Wertenbaker based her characters on real convicts of the first ship to Australia. From what little we know of the characters and their lives after Australia we can see Timberlakes influence for their personalities and traits which we can recognise: Timberlakes key character, Ralph Clark, was a real person. The journal he talks of in the play is a genuine historical item on which his character is based. After his time in Australia he is moved to a new post, and makes sure Mary Brenham, another key character in the play whom he falls in love with, is also transferred. Form this we can see parallels between life and the play in his apparent devotion for Mary that we as audience grow to love. The character Liz Morden is based on a convict called Nancy Turner. She lived to be pardoned and had a large family with a rich thief. This may be the life we would expect for Liz. Through the play she has restored her faith in humanity and has the confidence and love to build a family, but at the same time she will not turn on her own kind and chooses a thief as a lover. John Wisehammer began farming and became a respectable merchant. Just as we would expect of his character who always claimed to be innocent. John Freeman was exempted from hanging, just as his character had always waned. In the play we learn of his hate for the job. Dabby Bryant did escape, as we knew her character in the play would, she eventually ended up back home in Devon. From the above we can see to what extent Wertenbaker was true to the real story of the convicts in Australia. There is also a strong cultural significance to the play. It was written in 1988 for the Royal Court Theatre in London. It came at the end of an extremist period, Thatherite Britain, in which an us and them attitude was strong. And the fact that it was a strong capitalist party in power was evident. One of Thatchers most famous comments was there is no such thing as society, just individuals and their families. Wertenbaker was making a stand against such attitudes and showing we should take the time to think about each other and grow as people in community which can be formed, as the convicts show, in any group of people, however they are originally regarded. Wertenbaker used the play to portray a message that like sending the convokes away, or punishing them with floggings, Michael Howards short sharp shock tactics of the time would not work, but the key was reform, and giving the prisoners something more, by believing they could be more. The play was revived in 1997, as New Labour was coming into power. One of Labours visions is that people can change, its within them. Just as Phillip and Ralph believed the convicts could, and just as Liz Morden proved was true, as both her and Mary found themselves in different ways through the play. There are parallels present between this aspect of the play, and schemes for young offenders today. Young people use art such as graffiti to find themselves through something positive, constructive, enjoyable and rewarding, in much the same way the convicts used The Recruiting Officer. In reviving the play it became recognised again and The Recruiting Officer has been performed in prisons quite recently, as have other plays with the intention of doing what Ralph did for the convicts in Our Countrys Good, restoring their faith in humanity and humanitys faith in them.

Thursday, September 5, 2019

Ethical Issue Facing The Technology Industry Commerce Essay

Ethical Issue Facing The Technology Industry Commerce Essay Ethical issue facing industry (Charlie). We chose to take a look into the technology industry for our ethical analysis. We chose this industry because in todays world, technology has become a massive aspect in our everyday lives. Everyday technology is growing and become a bigger part in the world and the way it runs. Ethics is defined in the dictionary as, the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation. So we wanted to look into an industry that has had issues and would be worth our time looking into. Some issues that face the technology industry for companies like Apple, IBM, and Google are production issues as well as the selling practices. Specifically for Apple, a big issue that they are facing is their both production and selling practices. Apple has their products made overseas in places like China while the goal of a company should be to increase jobs in the countries that they are in. Apple is also taking advantage of China and the fact that the average worker makes under $200 per week. Apple has decided to do this; however, because if they made their iPads in the United States, they would cost over $1,100. So yes, they may be doing the people a favor in terms of price by creating these iPads overseas, but at the same time they are taking advantage of a country in China because they know how cheap the labor market is there. We make products overseas because Chinese manufacturing jobs are paid 1/30th of the United States median salaries for manufacturing jobs (Thompson, Der ek). These businesses, especially Apple, are churning out products on a quick, regular basis. So what Apple has done is created a massive profit margin on their products so that they can keep creating new products, which are essentially software updates, instead of just allowing people to upgrade their software solely. Apple has made it so that their 32 gb iPad 2 sells for $729, but when you add up their labor and material costs to make these iPads, it only comes out to about $325. This gives Apple a profit margin of around 54% and allows them to have customers buy brand new products instead of just allowing them to upgrade the software on their products that they purchased within the past year (Thompson, Derek). Companies like Google are facing issues of being deceptive and need to show more Corporate Social Responsibility because their customer is the most important aspect of their company. Privacy International ranked Google as the worst in its survey, they say that Google is the worst when it comes to respecting their users privacy. Congress was also warned about applications that Google was marketing on Capitol Hill because people believe that there were privacy and security risks. Google also does not disclose its conflicts of interest; they keep their customers in the dark, also not fulfilling their social responsibility. Google says that they work for the people that use their site but Google really works for advertisers on their sites. People who use Google pay nothing to use it, so Google has a conflict of interest of whether theyre working for their users, who are their customers, or the advertisers on their site. This makes users of Google have a false sense of security while usin g the site and can put users at risk of being defrauded. Google is all about who will make them the most money, and not about doing things the right way. They say they hold auctions for awarding keyword searches to the highest bidder but to whoever makes Google the most money. Google has also been accused of stealing, which is neither ethical nor responsible. Viacom sued Google for a clearly illegal business model. Google is also being sued by no less than five different industries. Viacom is suing Google in the TV broadcasting industry. Motion Picture Association has sued Google over aiding the piracy of films by promoting sites that allow users to download movies without buying them. Some trademark owners have had Google sell keywords that are their brands, which in turn has created brand confusion. Book publishers and newspapers for things like copyright infringement, and illegal use of newspaper headlines have also sued Google. Google has shown little ethical compass as well. When former CEO Eric Schmidt was confronted about the fact that Google and their privacy issue, Schmidt said that they were not concerned with privacy and protection because it would slow down Google and their performance. Google has placed speed over their ethics and social respo nsibility to their users. It is clearly unethical to place profits and money over customers and ethics. (Cleland, Scott). Some ethical issues facing a company like IBM, which is big into things like Information Technology (IT). People who work in IT for IBM has several things that they need to look at. People in IT play a large role in helping shape ethical aspects of their organizations. IBM has to look into privacy and establish a freedom from intrusion for the customers as well as control of their customers personal information and as well as allowing customers to avoid unwarranted surveillance. IBM works to help their customers keep these three aspects intact. IBM is working to protect the privacy of their customers so they can avoid being defrauded and other problems that may arise. The SEC (Securities and Exchange Commission) has accused IBM of bribing officials in the governments of South Korea with both cash and free computers. These bribes supposedly helped IBM obtain contracts in South Korea that worth a supposed millions of dollars. IBM has also been charged with creating secret funds for officials in China as well. This shows how bribery overseas has become a large issue for United States companies. This showed a problem that IBM had in their department of internal controls to stop these problems. IBM was calling these payments as legitimate expenses that were used for businesses. IBM was essentially forging their books and records, also a very unethical practice. IBM was working with travel agencies to help create fake invoices. (Hilzenrath, David S). These businesses within the technology industry are where we thought we found the biggest ethical issues concerning social responsibility of the corporations in terms of things like bribery, privacy and other ethical issues. We believe these are the biggest issues facing companies today and thought it would be helpful to see how they affect such a large and growing industry in our world today. Pressures facing the industry (Alicia) There are many pressures that impact the technology industry. Most of the pressures that are growing for this industry come from employees, governments, consumers, suppliers, advocacy groups, and stakeholders. Some of the areas that are receiving attention with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) are as follows: global responsibility, transparency with company information, environment issues, and safe labor practices (Cadmus, 2009). Global Responsibility Most companies in the technology industry, such as Apple, IBM, and Google, are Multinational Corporations (MNCs). This causes those companies to be in the spotlight as a leader. Consumers, governments, and advocacy groups for CSR expect these MNCs to step up and assume wider responsibilities in the social arena (Smith, 2003). Society sees big businesses that are growing globally and gaining more power, and they believe that with the power comes an obligation to attend to the community in which it operates (Smith, 2003). Apple, for example, is one of the most powerful companies in the world, let alone the technology industry. Because of that and the fact that they continually are innovating in creating new types of technology, people believe that Apple should use that innovation to help the world and contribute to social change. According to a Forbes article, Technology has become central to fighting disease, distributing food, improving education, and Apple should be a leader (Klein, 2011). Transparency Companies are receiving pressure from society to be transparent in their business practices. People, such as employees and stakeholders, are searching for the answers about how these companies are doing business and where their products are coming from. At this day and age, customers can find out any information they want about companies, with all of the social media available. Therefore, the pressure to be highly transparent about both good and bad things in the company is becoming more and more important (Monahan, 2012). The idea is that if businesses dont put their information out there, people will still find it and it will look as though the business was trying to hide that information from the public. Environment Activist groups are making a movement to make sure businesses are taking care of the environment while conducting their business operations. Of course there are government regulations that companies are legally supposed to follow, but there are also many groups that put the pressure on these companies to go over any beyond. As the need for energy increases, pressure increases on these technology companies to reduce materials used for their products, reduce effects of production processes in the environment, and use materials in production that have a smaller environmental impact (Business for Social Responsibility, 2011). Safe labor The media is really affecting how companies have been running with their unsafe labor standards. Businesses can no longer get away with child labor and unfair working conditions in foreign countries like they used to. If they do, they will most likely get caught because all of the different types of medias will find it and broadcast the companys unethical practices. Apple has become scrutinized in the media because of their unfair labor practices involving their manufacturing partner Foxconn and its subsidiaries (Sethi, 2012). Increased pressure on Apple and Foxconn has at least lessened their amount of unethical labor practices overseas, but it still hasnt done away with it completely. These pressures on the technology industry will likely decrease shareholder value on each firm if nothing is done about it. However, trends are showing that these firms are taking the pressures of ethical issues seriously. If the businesses continue to improve on their CSR, it is most likely that shareholder value and profitability will rise because of their ethical stance in society. Corporate social responsibility activities (Josh) CSR Activities IBM: IBM has shown in many ways that they support the communities they serve and strive to make not only themselves better but also the communities they operate in. IBM provided nearly $12 million in grants in 2011 to 4,000 schools and non-profit organizations where IBM members were volunteered. These grants were given to projects that applied innovation and professional skills to improve the communities that they served. IBM also has a grant program that gives up to $100,000 to innovative projects created by its employees that deal with healthcare, energy conservation and food safety. Along with this, IBM has a program that it calls Celebration of Service that encourages their employees to go out and volunteer at least eight hours for any cause that they wish support. Many individuals volunteered in areas of education, healthcare disaster relief and conservation. All-in-all, the program has yielded nearly 3.2 million hours of service from its employees in 120 countries across the globe. Lastly, IBM has a program that is called The Smarter Cities Challenge in which IBM sends top experts from different backgrounds to 100 cities across the globe for three weeks. While these experts are in these cities, they work with the local governments to make recommendations to try to make the city smarter and more effective. These recommendations come in the areas of administration, citizen engagement, economic development, education and workforce, environmental, public safety, transportation and urban planning. Through this program, IBM is trying to help make cities across the globe become more effective and efficient (2011 Corporate Social Responsibilities, 2012). Apple: Over the past year, Apple has tried to improve its appearance in the area of corporate social responsibility. Apple has made a significant effort to perform more audits on their supply chain. In 2011, Apple performed 229 total audits, 80% more audits than it did in 2010 with Steve Jobs as CEO. Of these 229 audits, more than 100 of them were performed on companies that had not been previously audited by Apple. Through these evaluations of its supply chain, Apple found several environmental and labor issues, but they claim to have handled the situation by enforcing their policies and helping their suppliers management teams to take corrective action to ensure that it would not happen again. Apple has also recently added 100,000 more manufacturing employees to its program to help ensure that its current employees do not exceed their 60-hour maximum hours a week (Supplier Responsibilites, 2012). Apple has also recently started a program for its employees that will match any employees don ation to a charity program of up to $10,000 (Hughes 2011). Apple has also made a conscious effort to reduce the amount of carbon emissions produced when manufacturing all of its products. In 2011, Apple reported that all of its products had a reduction in the amount of carbon emissions during the manufacturing process. Apple TV has seen 90% reduction in carbon emissions since 2007, MacBook Pro has seen a 21% reduction since 2007, and iPad has had a 5% reduction since 2010. Apple has also removed all of the toxic substances from its products that other companies still use, such as lead, mercury and arsenic in their glass screens. Because of this, Apple is years ahead of their competitors in technology, but also very socially responsible for taking these steps past their competitors to ensure their products will not harm the environment. Apple has also made all of its products extremely energy efficient. For example, an average 60-watt incandescent light bulb uses 48.4 grams of CO2 em issions per hour, while the 2011 MacBook Pro air only uses 7.4 grams an hour. All of Apples products not only meet the Environmental Protection Agencys strict Energy Star law, but they also exceed them. Lastly, Apple has made an effort to reduce and minimize the materials used in packaging its products. Since 2007, Apple has reduced the amount of packaging needed for the iPhone by 42 percent, allowing them to ship 80 percent more boxes in each airline-shipping container (Apple and the Environment, 2012). Google: Google has programs that give grants to select charitable organizations by giving them ad space on their site for free. Some of these organizations represent things such as animal rights, literacy to abandoned children and HIV education. Google has many other grant programs, especially supporting areas in Asian countries, giving grants to colleges and education programs. The most recent included giving 164 computers to the Green Computer Action for Poverty Alleviation. Google also attempts to be socially responsible with its environmental procedures. Google claims that to provide a user with three full weeks of streaming YouTube videos, Google only uses the amount of energy it takes to do one load of laundry. Googles data centers are some of the most efficient in the world, only using 50% of what the average data center uses. Not only does Googles data centers use less energy than most, Google has also began to use 33% of its total energy needed through renewable energy sources such as wind farms and solar panels on some of it facilities. Googles main focus is try to offset the carbon footprint it produces by investing in and using more renewable energy than it uses (A better web. Better for the envrinoment. 2012) In conclusion, not much was found IBM trying to improve its corporate social responsibility in areas of bribery and privacy. Although, IBM is still notably one of the most responsible companies in the industry and the world. IBM has many programs to help the communities that it operates in all across the globe. Next, Apple has made attempts to become more responsible within its supply chain and labor practices within the last two years. Apple has also maintained its solid reputation for being an environmentally conscious and consumer conscious company. They have made attempts implement change in the ways their production practices. Google, on the other hand, has not made many changes in the areas of deception and fraud. However, they are known for being a very environmentally friendly company. Social/Ethical Investment Policy Recommendation: In todays corporate society, it can be rather difficult to find a company that has strict adherence to ethical standards it has place for corporate social responsibility. However, there are some firms in the marketplace that are dedicated to both doing business in a socially responsible way and also increasing shareholder value. Therefore, it is important for Virginia Tech to take into account the corporate social responsibility of the companies for which they invest. Due to the fact that Virginia Tech is educating thousands of the worlds future business leaders, they should make sure they are setting the right example for America future. If Virginia Tech ignores how companies do business, and instead just focus on who can provide them with the cheapest price, it start a slippery slope among the young minds that receive their education at the institution. Also, since Virginia Tech offers an Ethical Leadership class that stresses the importance of corporate social responsibility, it w ould seem to very hypocritical if it were not to follow on the exact information it dissents to students. Therefore, it seems incredibly important to me that Virginia emerge as leader among state intuitions and makes ethical responsibility one of the main factors it uses when making investment decisions. Most of the reasons for Virginia Tech incorporating ethical issues into their investment decisions are ethical but there are also some financial aspects as well. First, Virginia Tech will need to accept the fact they often times the most ethically responsible company may not be the cheapest option out on the market. Therefore, they will need to plan for the fact they may end up with smaller investments or gains because the most ethical company may not necessarily be the best investment. However, just because Virginia Tech chooses to not invest in unethical companies with higher returns, does not mean the University will lose money. Simply put, the University will have to spend more searching for ethically sound companies that also reap high returns on their investments. Choosing to investment responsible companies will be a time intensive strategy that may not pay off in the short term, but long term will definitely have its benefits. Also, because of the amount of time spent searchi ng for ethically smart investments, the process may come under fire by shareholders (Fontinelle, 2012). Therefore, choosing to invest in responsible companies will be a difficult decision but one that is right for Virginia Tech in the long run. Clearly, Virginia Tech should be expected to make financial sacrifices in their investment decisions in order to make sure they are choosing the most socially responsible company. With the business strategy so clearly focused on the bottom line and not how a company achieves this number, Virginia Tech would truly be living out its Ut Prosim motto. By establishing itself as a company that will only invest in the most socially responsible companies, more and more industries will choose to follow this avenue. Virginia Tech is a large institution that investors would be enthusiastic to receive funds from. If Virginia Tech makes it clear that they will only invest in companies that have strict ethical standards, more companies will oblige to these rules to gain the Universitys business Therefore, the amount of unethical companies will diminish making investment choices for the University all the easier. By establishing itself as an an ethical investor, Virginia Tech could diminish the amo unt of irresponsible firms in the marketplace, while increasing the amount of companies that perform business in the right way. Investment Recommendations (Charlie) We believe that Virginia Tech could and should invest in firms in the technological industry. The technological industry is a massive industry and still growing every single day. It would be beneficial for Virginia Tech to get involved with companies in this industry because the world now runs on technology. The dependency of the world on technology has become incredible. Everyone knows how to use technology and everyone wants to be updated with the newest products. Yes, there are possible problems and ethical issues that arise in this industry, but it does not mean that everyone in this industry have problems arising constantly. This industry has been growing with such rapid pace that it would be beneficial for Virginia Tech to get invested in this area. Virginia Tech should most certainly favor firms that are more socially responsible in the technology industry. The most important thing when it comes to investing is making sure that you are investing in a company that has an investment in you. Virginia Tech needs to look into companies that have a history of being socially and ethically responsible. The returns may not be as great as the very top companies in this industry but if they go with a company that is socially responsible, they are less likely to run the risk of being hurt by the company not fulfilling their responsibilities. Virginia Tech is also a school that is big into technology as well and the best way for them to set a positive example is for them to invest in socially responsible companies. This will benefit companies that may not be at the very top of scale. This could start a trend where other schools and investors will be more open to the idea of investing in companies that are more socially responsible. This may turn the mentality of the investor by moving their motive from most profit to most socially responsible.