Political Parties And Their Roles In China And Canada :: essays research papers fc

The agreements of government in Canada and china are very varied. In each sylvan the political fellowship system varies. In China there is a One- troupe system and Canada has a multiparty system. Canada has a parliamentary form of government and China has a Dictatorship. The two countries have different forms of government in which political parties play different roles. A multiparty system is a system in which several(prenominal) major political parties and galore(postnominal) less(prenominal)er parties exist. Each party in a multiparty system has some particularised platform or interest. Since that each party would stand for a different specific idea and with many to chose from the system would provide the people with a wide range of choices for the people and better represent them in the government. A multiparty system does feed to lead to instability in the government. With the many parties in the elections, it is difficult for one party to win a majority in an electio n. Without a majority the might to govern the community must be shared by a coalition of parties. Which is where the trouble lies. Multiparty systems exist in most European democratic countries directly and in parts of the world were Europe has had a large impact on the area. Canada is one such nation with a multiparty system. In contrast to the multiparty system is the one party system. The one party system exists at the national level today in dictatorships. In the dictatorship there is one leader, the dictator, in power over the nation and the party that has sole control over the nation is the party that the dictator belongs to. In this system the people have no real choices with only one party to chose from. China is an example of a country that is governed with a one party system. In Canada there are many parties as is true of all multiparty systems. Some of the more important parties are Canadas New Democratic fellowship, The Liberal Party of Canada, the Progressive hideb ound Party of Canada, the regenerate Party, The Libertarian Party, the Green Party of Canada, the Natural Law Party of Canada, and the Canadian Action Party, to name a few. Each of these parties has a specific platform that they represent. The Progressive Conservative Party for example is very much like the Conservative Party here in the U.S. This party believes in low taxes to stimulate the economy and less governmental programs to get things going.Political Parties And Their Roles In China And Canada essays research papers fc The systems of government in Canada and China are very different. In each country the political party system varies. In China there is a One-party system and Canada has a multiparty system. Canada has a parliamentary form of government and China has a Dictatorship. The two countries have different forms of government in which political parties play different roles. A multiparty system is a system in which several major political parties and many lesser p arties exist. Each party in a multiparty system has some specific platform or interest. Since that each party would represent a different specific idea and with many to chose from the system would provide the people with a wide range of choices for the people and better represent them in the government. A multiparty system does tend to lead to instability in the government. With the many parties in the elections, it is difficult for one party to win a majority in an election. Without a majority the power to govern the nation must be shared by a coalition of parties. Which is where the trouble lies. Multiparty systems exist in most European democratic countries today and in parts of the world were Europe has had a large impact on the area. Canada is one such nation with a multiparty system. In contrast to the multiparty system is the one party system. The one party system exists at the national level today in dictatorships. In the dictatorship there is one leader, the dictator, in po wer over the nation and the party that has sole control over the nation is the party that the dictator belongs to. In this system the people have no real choices with only one party to chose from. China is an example of a country that is governed with a one party system. In Canada there are many parties as is true of all multiparty systems. Some of the more important parties are Canadas New Democratic Party, The Liberal Party of Canada, the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada, the Reform Party, The Libertarian Party, the Green Party of Canada, the Natural Law Party of Canada, and the Canadian Action Party, to name a few. Each of these parties has a specific platform that they represent. The Progressive Conservative Party for example is very much like the Conservative Party here in the U.S. This party believes in low taxes to stimulate the economy and less governmental programs to get things going.

Dictating Lies and Deception Essay -- Terrorism, Bush

September 11, 2001 marked a tragic day in the history of the fall in States a terrorist antiaircraft had left the country shaken. It did not take long to determine those who were behind the attack and a call for retribution swept through the nation. Citizens in a wave of patriotism signed up for military service and the United States found resounding international support for their efforts in the war on terror. itsy-bitsy opposition was raised at the removal of the Taliban regime and there was much support for bringing Osama Bin Laden and the leaders of al-Qaeda to justice. Approval foreign diminished approximately a year and a half later when Afghanistan became a stepping stone to the administrations larger ambition, the invasion of Iraq. The administration would ruminate several stories and in some cases remain silent of the truth where would prove positive for the Iraqi invasion. It seems they were willing to say anything to promote the largely unpopular and unneeded war they were resolved on engaging in.Bush had been eager to go to war with Iraq from the moment he stepped into office and the administrations focus was chiefly on Iraq however before the war in Afghanistan had begun. In Where Men Win Glory, the text reveals that in November 2001, President Bush and Vice President Cheney had instructed Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld to on the Q.T. create a detailed plan for the invasion of Iraq (Krakauer 192). Though it is almost unthinkable, the United States had been attacked this in truth month by al-Qaeda. The government should have been duty limit on capturing Osama Bin Laden and disbanding the terrorist group al-Qaeda. Instead, they were fashioning Iraqi invasion plans. Krakauer establishes additional proof of this stating, th... ...n Iraq to be over.Yet, the war was far from over and Iraqis were still rubbish against what they perceived as an occupation of their country by the United States. As poignantly realized five years later when ov er 10,000 Iraqis assembled at the very location of the statues toppling for a truly historic event. The New York Times describes that the Iraqis gathered in Baghdads Firdos Square to protest the security agreement with the United States that is scheduled for a vote and demonstrators hanged a black-hooded effigy of President Bush from a column with powerful symbolism it supported the statue of Saddam Hussein that was toppled by American troops in April 2003 (Farrell et al.).In May of the following year the Bush Administration would revisit its previous devices to conceal the truth of the circumstances environ the death of Patrick Tillman.

Essay --

OdonataThe damselfly species is part of an insect group called Odonata. Odonata consists of dragonflies, which are the suborder Anisoptera, and damselflies, which are the suborder Zygoptera. The insect group Odonata is very small, probably containing solitary(prenominal) about 5,000 living species (Corbet, 1999).Odonata, typically called Odonates, are usually found close to bodies of wet system, looking for small insects to eat. Adult Odonates catch their prey season in flight, while younger Odonates, called nymphs, hunt for their prey at the bottom of the body of water they live in. Nymphs eat almost any insect small enough for them to yield (book on iCloud).NymphsNymphs live in water throughout their entire developmental stage, which can take anywhere from three weeks to more than eight years, dep annuling on the species of the nymph and its location and habitat. They undergo eight to seventeen molts (Corbet, 1999), although the amount of molts undergone depends on the species . When a nymphs developmental stage is complete, it climbs out of its earlier home in the water, a final molt is undergone, and an adult damselfly appears (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2010).Nymphs have a set of gills along their abdomen, which are used for breathing as fountainhead as a transportation device and a way of escaping from predators in an emergency. Water is ushered into the gills, and then forcefully emitted, propelling themselves forward and farther away from their enemies (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2010).Nymphs, contempt their excellent predatorily abilities, are usually hunted by fish, although occasionally they are also hunted by birds, crayfish, frogs, and each other. When their development is complete and they are in the long run an adult dams... ....Transferring sperm depends on the species of damselfly because the sex organs are particularly elaborate and specific to the each species. Organs in the male damselflies that allow the end of its abdomen to attach to the back of the females head correspond between each individual species, making mating between separate species nearly impossible.Some species of damselflies sit their eggs either inside or on plant tissue, which is either above or in water. Some females climb beneath the surface of the water to position their eggs and remain there for an hour, or perhaps more. Some species submerge their abdomen in the water, so the eggs wash off, or put together them on leaves close to the waters edge. This is sometimes done while the damselfly is in flight. Other species simply allow their eggs to drop onto the surface of the water while they are flying (Corbet, 1999).

The Nature of Love Explored in Plato’s Symposium Essay -- Plato Sympos

The Nature of Love Explored in Platos Symposium In unspotted Greek literature the subject of love is commonly a prominent theme. However, throughout these varied texts the subject of Love becomes a multi-faceted being. From this common occurrence in literature we can assume that this subject had a large impact on day-to-day life. One text that explores the many faces of love in nonchalant life is Platos Symposium. In this text we hear a number of views on the subject of love and what the true nature of love is. This essay will focus on a speech by Pausanius. Pausaniuss speech concentrates on the goddess Aphrodite. In particular he looks at her two masterminds, as a promoter of Celestial Love as well as Common Love. This idea of Common Love can be seen in a historical life context in the tragedy Hippolytus by Euripides. This brings the philosophical views made by Pausanius into a real-life context. The speech by Pausanius in Platos Symposium divide s the goddess Aphrodite into two beings, for each one responsible for a different aspect of love. To prove the existence of her double life he cites her creation. There are two versions of the birth of Aphrodite, one sexual climax from Hesiods work, Theogony, where she is borne out of Uranus castrated genitals as they splash into the sea the other is from Homers work, the Illiad, where she is said to be the daughter of Zeus and Dione. (Notes on Platos Symposium 180e) From these two vastly different creations she takes on two vastly different forms. Pausanius describes one of her forms as Celestial love. This type of love springs out of the Aphrodite created from Uranus genitals. This form is wholly male (Symposium 180c) which inspires men to be a... ... love described by Pausanias as Common love. Throughout the play love is used by Euripides as a key plot factor and in many ways sets the outcome of the play. This love was definitely based on a physical friends hip between a male and a female, thus making it Common love. The fact that Euripides uses Common love lends credibility to Pausanias philosophical ideas. The appearance of this idea suggests that it had earthy roots. . The events that took place in the play, such as the relationship between Phaedra and Hippolytus, must have been realistic so a Greek audience would believe the story. scour though Hippolytus is a fictional play the events that take place must have their roots in realistic events. This allows us to believe that Pausanias philosophical saint was in fact a real life issue that Athenians dealt with in day-to-day life.

Bilbo :: essays research papers

Magic in the MakingThe main character of the book is Mr. Bilbo Baggins. He is the hobbit who led the dwarves to the Lonely Mountain to reclaim their evaluate from the dragon named Smaug. Bilbo is middle aged and resides in a clean, warm burrow dug into the side of a hill. In the beginning of the story Bilbo is a really weak character. He is easily frightened, and very shy. One of his strengths though, is that he is of the mythical race called hobbits. Hobbits argon known for their skills in thievery and spying. There are several(prenominal) main signs of hobbits that separate them from normal humans. One, hobbits are very small. They only grow to reach the height of about three feet if they are lucky. Secondly, they have large feet that are covered at the tops by thick hair. This hair is used to keep the hobbits feet warm because they do not wear boots. Another characteristic of hobbits is that they normally dont wish for any excitement or adventure. They thrive on repetition and dull activities such as gardening. Hobbits similarly contend to eat. Bilbos favorite foods are cake, bacon, sausage, eggs, wine, bread and any other fattening things that can be thought of. Some other important characters are as follows Gandalf, he is the wizard that accompanies Bilbo and the dwarves on their quest Thorin Oakenshield is son of the king of the dwarves who were driven from the Lonely Mountain. Smaug is the dragon of the Lonely Mountain who hoards the treasure he stole. Gollum is a loathsome creature that was born a Hobbit but had the ring too long this is the character that Bilbo steals the ring from. Bard is the archer that kills Smaug. Bilbo is the main character of the story and also the narrator. The main conflict of the story line is Bilbo versus himself. Bilbo has to overcome his fears of dragons and other creatures in order to carry out his part of the mission. Another conflict is the whole society vs. Smaug. The party of dwarves along with Bilbo and Gandal f, have to be able to destroy the dragon in order to claim their so deserved treasure. Bilbo completes this task by finding the dragons weak spot and relaying the location to an archer in Lake Town. Both of these conflicts are won by the end of the story.

A Comparison of Marxist and Functionalist Understanding of the Role of

A Comparison of Marxist and Functionalist Understanding of the Role of Education in Society Functionalist theories assume the diverse parts of a club each have their own role to play (their own function), and work together smoothly in order to form a harmonious whole (macro). The metaphor often used to describe operating(a)ism is that it views union as a body, with the different socialisation agents government, media, religion, the family, etc., and, of course, educationbeing like the different organs in a body, each contributing in a different way to keeping the entire body healthy. Functionalism assumes that the various institutions of a society always operate so as to support that society as it is. If they didnt, the society would perish therefore, functionalism believes, its safe to assume that they do in whatever society one may encounter, for otherwise the society would no longer be here for us to study. Functionalism is based on value consensus which provides stability and functional prerequisites. In Marxism it is based on capitalism. In capitalism, the minority class, the bourgeoisie or capitalist employers who own the means of production make their profits by exploiting the sweat of the majority, the proletariat. As a result, work under capitalism is alienating, unsatisfying, poorly paid and something over which workers have no control over. This creates the potential for class conflict. The functions of education, in functionalisms perspective, for society as a whole are to meet the shared goals (value consensus) of society. Where as Marxists see education is based on class division and capitalis... ... the system helps the transmitting of societys value consensus prepare the young for adult roles, the selection of young people in terms of talents and abilities for appropriate roles in adult life. The cookery of knowledge, skills and training necessary for effective participat ion in the labour force. Which in essence is based a pun meritocracy, equal opportunities, sifting and sorting people in society, having the right skills for the job and value consensus. Where as in Marxism it has a huge impact on people with power ideologies. And creates feudalism which then initially leads to capitalism which in quintessence creates class conflict. The biggest difference over all is that Functionalism wants societies to be harmonically were in Marxism it could never be achieved if everything was to be equal.

A Comparison of Marxist and Functionalist Understanding of the Role of

A Comparison of Marxist and Functionalist Understanding of the Role of Education in bon ton Functionalist theories assume the different parts of a society each have their own role to play (their own function), and work together swimmingly in order to form a harmonious whole (macro). The metaphor often used to describe functionalism is that it views society as a body, with the different socializing agents government, media, religion, the family, etc., and, of course, educationbeing like the different organs in a body, each contributing in a different way to keeping the constitutional body healthy. Functionalism assumes that the various institutions of a society always operate so as to support that society as it is. If they didnt, the society would perish therefore, functionalism believes, its gum elastic to assume that they do in any society one may encounter, for otherwise the society would no longer be here for us to study. Functionalism is establish o n value consensus which provides stability and functional prerequisites. In Marxism it is based on capitalism. In capitalism, the minority class, the bourgeoisie or capitalist employers who own the means of doing make their profits by exploiting the labour of the majority, the proletariat. As a result, work under capitalism is alienating, unsatisfying, poorly paid and something over which workers have no manoeuvre over. This creates the potential for class conflict. The functions of education, in functionalisms perspective, for society as a whole are to meet the shared goals (value consensus) of society. Where as Marxists see education is based on class division and capitalis... ... the system helps the transmission of societys value consensus prepare the young for adult roles, the selection of young the great unwashed in cost of talents and abilities for appropriate roles in adult life. The provision of knowledge, skills and training necessary for effective participation in the labour force. Which in essence is based a punning meritocracy, equal opportunities, sifting and sorting people in society, having the right skills for the job and value consensus. Where as in Marxism it has a huge impact on people with power ideologies. And creates feudalism which then initially leads to capitalism which in quintessence creates class conflict. The biggest difference over all is that Functionalism wants societies to be harmonically were in Marxism it could never be achieved if everything was to be equal.

Gender Norms & Racial Bias in the Study of the Modern “History” Essay

register is the study of the past, specifically how it re news to homophiles. It is an umbrella term that relates to past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, intromission, and interpretation of in make believeation about these events. Scholars who write about annals are called historians. Events occurring prior to written record are considered pre storey. History can alike tinct to the academic discipline which uses a narrative to examine and analyse a sequence of past events, and objectively determine the patterns of cause and effect that determine them. Historians nearlytimes debate the nature of taradiddle and its usefulness by discussing the study of the discipline as an destruction in itself and as a way of providing perspective on the problems of the present. Stories common to a particular culture, exactly not supported by external sources are usually classified as cultural heritage or legends, because they do not support the disinteres ted investigation required of the discipline of tarradiddle.Herodotus, a 5th-century BC Greek historian is considered within the horse opera tradition to be the father of history, and, along with his contemporary Thucydides, helped form the foundations for the modern study of human history. Their work continues to be read today and the divide between the culture-foc apply Herodotus and the military-foc employ Thucydides ashes a point of contention or approach in modern historical writing. In the Eastern tradition, a state chronicle the Spring and autumn Annals was known to be compiled from as early as 722 BC although however 2nd century BC texts survived. superannuated influences have helped spawn chassis interpretations of the nature of history which have evolved over the centuries and continue to change today. The modern study of history is wide-ranging, and includes the study of specific regions and the study of accredited topical or thematical elements of historical inve stigation. Often history is taught as part of primary and secondary education, and the academic study of history is a major discipline in University studies. EtymologyAncient Greek means inquiry,cognition from inquiry, or judge. It was in that sense that Aristotle used the word in his . The ancestor word is certify early on in Homeric Hymns, Heraclitus, the Athenian ephebes oath, and in Boiotic inscriptions . The word entered the English language in 1390 with the meaning of relation of incidents, story. In warmheartedness English,the meaning was story in general. The restriction to the meaning record of past events arose in the late 15th century. It was still in the Greek sense that Francis Bacon used the term in the late 16th century, when he wrote about Natural History. For him, historia was the knowledge of objects determined by space and time, that sort of knowledge provided by memory . In an expression of the linguistic synthetic vs. analytic/isolating dichotomy, English lik e Chinese now designates separate words for human history and storytelling in general. In modern German, French, and most Germanic and Romance languages, which are solidly synthetic and exceedingly inflected, the same word is still used to mean both history and story.The adjective historical is authenticated from 1661, and historic from 1669. Historian in the sense of a looker of history is attested from 1531. In all European languages, the substantive history is still used to mean both what happened with men, and the scholarly study of the happened, the latter sense sometimes distinguished with a capital letter, History, or the word historiography. The modern discipline of history is dedicated to the institutional yield of this discourse. All events that are remembered and uphold in some authentic form constitute the historical record. The task of historical discourse is to identify the sources which can most usefully contribute to the production of accurate bank notes of pas t. Therefore, the constitution of the historians archive is a result of circumscribing a more general archive by invalidating the usage of certain texts and documents . The study of history has sometimes been classified as part of the humanities and at some other times as part of the social cognizances. It can also be seen as a bridge between those two broad areas, incorporating methodologies from both.Some singular historians strongly support one or the other classification. In the twentieth century, French historian Fernand Braudel revolutionized the study of history, by using such outside disciplines as economics, anthropology, and geography in the study of global history. Traditionally, historians have save events of the past, either in writing or by passing on an ad-lib tradition, and have attempted to answer historical questions through the study of written documents and oral accounts. From the beginning, historians have also used such sources as monuments, inscriptions, and pictures. In general, the sources of historical knowledge can be separated into three categories what is written, what issaid, and what is physically preserved, and historians a great deal consult all three. But writing is the marker that separates history from what comes before. Archaeology is a discipline that is especially helpful in dealing with buried sites and objects, which, erstwhile unearthed, contribute to the study of history. But archaeology rarely stands alone. It uses narrative sources to complement its discoveries. However, archaeology is constituted by a range of methodologies and approaches which are independent from history that is to say, archaeology does not fill the gaps within textual sources.Indeed, historical archaeology is a specific branch of archaeology, often contrasting its conclusions against those of contemporary textual sources. For example, cacography Leone, the excavator and interpreter of historical Annapolis, Maryland, USA has sought to und erstand the contradiction between textual documents and the material record, demonstrating the possession of slaves and the inequalities of wealth apparent via the study of the meat historical environment, despite the ideology of liberty inherent in written documents at this time. There are varieties of ways in which history can be organized, including chronologically, culturally, territorially, and thematically. These divisions are not mutually exclusive, and significant overlaps are often present, as in The Inter home(a) Womens Movement in an Age of Transition, 18301975. It is possible for historians to disturb themselves with both the very specific and the very general, although the modern trend has been toward specialization. The area called Big History resists this specialization, and searches for universal patterns or trends. History has often been studied with some practical or theoretical aim, but also may be studied out of simple intellectual curiosity. History and prehis toryThe history of the land is the memory of the past experience of Homo sapiens around the arena, as that experience has been preserved, largely in written records. By prehistory, historians mean the recovery of knowledge of the past in an area where no written records exist, or where the writing of a culture is not understood. By studying painting, drawings, carvings, and other artifacts, some information can be recovered even in the absence of a written record. Since the 20th century, the study of prehistory is considered essential to avoid historys implicit exclusion of certaincivilizations, such as those of Sub-Saharan Africa and pre-Columbian America. Historians in the West have been criticized for focusing disproportionately on the Western world. In 1961, British historian E. H. Carr wrote This definition includes within the scope of history the strong interests of peoples, such as Australian Aboriginals and New Zealand Mori in the past, and the oral records maintained and transmitted to succeeding generations, even before their contact with European civilization. HistoriographyHistoriography has a follow of related meanings. Firstly, it can refer to how history has been produced the story of the festering of methodology and recitations. Secondly, it can refer to what has been produced a specific body of historical writing . Thirdly, it may refer to why history is produced the Philosophy of history. As a meta-level analysis of descriptions of the past, this third conception can relate to the first two in that the analysis usually focuses on the narratives, interpretations, worldview, use of evidence, or method of presentation of other historians. paid historians also debate the question of whether history can be taught as a single coherent narrative or a series of competing narratives. Philosophy of historyPhilosophy of history is a branch of philosophy concerning the eventual significance, if any, of human history. Furthermore, it speculates as to a possible teleological end to its phylogenythat is, it asks if there is a design, purpose, directive principle, or finality in the processes of human history. Philosophy of history should not be confused with historiography, which is the study of history as an academic discipline, and thus concerns its methods and practices, and its development as a discipline over time. Nor should philosophy of history be confused with the history of philosophy, which is the study of the development of philosophical ideas through time. Historical methodsCultural historyCultural history replaced social history as the dominant form in the 1980s and 1990s. It typically combines the approaches of anthropology and historyto look at language, popular cultural traditions and cultural interpretations of historical experience. It examines the records and narrative descriptions of past knowledge, customs, and arts of a group of people. How peoples constructed their memory of the past is a major topic. C ultural history includes the study of art in society as well is the study of images and human visual production. diplomatical historyDiplomatic history, sometimes referred to as Rankin History in honor of Leopold von Ranke, focuses on politics, politicians and other high rulers and views them as being the driving force of continuity and change in history. This type of political history is the study of the conduct of international relations between states or across state boundaries over time. This is the most common form of history and is often the classical and popular belief of what history should be. Economic historyAlthough economic history has been well established since the late 19th century, in recent years academic studies have shifted more and more toward economics go badments and away from traditional history departments. Environmental historyEnvironmental history is a new field that emerged in the 1980s to look at the history of the environment, especially in the long run , and the impact of human activities upon it. human historyWorld history is the study of major civilizations over the last 3000 years or so. World history is primarily a determineing field, sooner than a research field. It gained popularity in the United States, Japan and other countries after the 1980s with the realization that students need a broader exposure to the world as globalization proceeds. It has led to highly controversial interpretations by Oswald Spengler and Arnold J. Toynbee, among others. The World History Association publishes the Journal of World History every quarter since 1990. The H-World discussion list serves as a interlock of communication among practitioners of world history, with discussions among scholars, announcements, syllabi, bibliographies and book reviews. Peoples historyA peoples history is a type of historical work which attempts to account for historical events from the perspective of common people. A peoples history is the history of the world that is the story of mass movements and of the outsiders. Individuals or groups not included in the past in other type of writing about history are the primary focus, which includes the disenfranchised, the oppressed, the poor, the nonconformists, and the otherwise forgotten people. This history also usually focuses on events occurring in the fullness of time, or when an overwhelming wave of smaller events cause certain developments to occur. HistomomityHistornomity is a historical study of human progress or individual personal characteristics, by using statistics to analyze references to eminent persons, their statements, behavior and discoveries in relatively neutral texts. Gender historyGender history is a sub-field of History and Gender studies, which looks at the past from the perspective of gender. It is in many ways, an outgrowth of womens history. Despite its relatively short life, Gender History has had a rather significant effect on the general study of history. Since the 1960s, when the initially small field first achieved a measure of acceptance, it has gone through a number of different phases, each with its own challenges and outcomes. Although some of the changes to the study of history have been quite obvious, such as increased numbers of books on famous women or simply the admission of greater numbers of women into the historical profession, other influences are more subtle. Public historyPublic history describes the broad range of activities undertaken by people with some training in the discipline of history who are generally working outside of specialized academic settings. Public history practice has quite deep roots in the areas of historic preservation, archival science, oral history, museum curatorship, and other related fields. The term itself began to be used in the U.S. and Canada in the late 1970s, and the field has become increasingly professionalized since that time. Some of the most common settings for public history are museums , historic homes and historic sites, parks, battlefields, archives, film and television companies, and alllevels of government. HistoriansProfessional and amateur historians discover, collect, organize, and present information about past events. In lists of historians, historians can be grouped by order of the historical period in which they were writing, which is not necessarily the same as the period in which they specialized. Chroniclers and analysts, though they are not historians in the true sense, are also frequently included. The judgments of historySince the 20th century, Western historians have disavowed the aspiration to provide the judgments of history. The goals of historical judgments or interpretations are separate to those of legal judgments, which need to be formulated quickly after the events and be final. A related issue to that of the judgments of history is that of collective memory. Pseudo-historyPseudo-history is a term applied to texts which purport to be hist orical in nature but which depart from standard historiographical conventions in a way which undermines their conclusions. Closely, related to deceptive historical revisionism. Works which draw controversial conclusions from new, speculative, or disputed historical evidence, particularly in the fields of national, political, military, and religious affairs, are often rejected as pseudo-history. Teaching historyFrom the origins of national school systems in the 19th century, the teaching of history to gain national sentiment has been a high priority. In the United States after World War I, a strong movement emerged at the university level to teach courses in Western Civilization, so as to give students a common heritage with Europe. In the U.S. after 1980 attention increasingly moved toward teaching world history or requiring students to take courses in non-western cultures, to prepare students for life in a globalized economy. At the university level, historians debate the question of whether history belongs more to social science or to the humanities. Many view the field from both perspectives. The teaching of history in French schools was influenced by the Nouvelle histoire as disseminated after the 1960s by Cahiers pedagogies and Inveiglement and other journals for teachers. Alsoinfluential was the Institute national de recherch et de documentation pedagogue. Joseph Leif, the Inspector-general of teacher training, said pupils children should learn about historians approaches as well as facts and dates.Louis Franois, Dean of the History/geographics group in the Inspectorate of National Education advised that teachers should provide historic documents and promote active methods which would give pupils the immense happiness of discovery. Proponents said it was a reaction against the memorization of names and dates that characterized teaching and left the students bored. Traditionalists protested loudly it was a postmodern innovation that threatened to leave the youth ignorant of French patriotism and national identity. In most countries history textbook are tools to foster nationalism and patriotism, and give students the official line about national enemies. In many countries history textbooks are sponsored by the national government and are written to put the national heritage in the most favorable light. For example, in Japan, mention of the Nanking slaughterhouse has been removed from textbooks and the entire World War II is given cursory treatment.Other countries have complained. It was standard policy in communist countries to present only a rigid Marxist historiography. Academic historians have often fought against the politicization of the textbooks, sometimes with success. In 21st-century Germany, the history curriculum is controlled by the 16 states, and is characterized not by super-patriotism but rather by an almost pacifistic and deliberately unpatriotic undertone and reflects principles formulated by international organi zations such as UNESCO or the Council of Europe, thus lie towards human rights, democracy and peace. The result is that German textbooks usually downplay national pride and ambitions and aim to develop an understanding of citizenship centered on democracy, progress, human rights, peace, leeway and European.

Comparison Between Tod Homer and Miss Lonely Hearts

Tod, homing pigeon, and Miss Lonelyhearts Another Well Thought Out Essay Tod Hackett, bulls eye Simpson, and Miss Lonelyhearts from Nathanael Wests sassys The Day of the Locust and Miss Lonelyhearts all try to satisfy their desires with intimate wants, and violence. However, they are all genuinely different from each other. For example, their histories, and the way they pursue the fulfillwork forcet of their desires are all unique to that specific typesetters case. The novel, The Day of the Locust, mostly focuses on the story of two briny characters. These characters are Tod Hackett, and Homer Simpson.The novel gives the story of their lives while they both pursue the young woman, Faye Greener. In this way they are similar, unless they are actually very different. Unlike Homer, Tod understands a lot of his experiences, especially his experiences with Faye. Because of this, Tod is portrayed as an educated man, Homer, on the other hand, has almost no idea what is going on. His a ctions and desires are almost continuously unexplainable. It seems as though he doesnt even know what he himself is even thinking, let alone what he actually wants.Because of this, he appears uneducated, and clumsy. Both men pursue things that are artificial. The most notable of these is Faye Greener. Unlike Homer though, Tod knows that he cigarett have her, because he knows that pursuing her is a self-destructive route. Miss Lonelyhearts is the main character of the novel, Miss Lonelyhearts. His history is probably the reason for his need for sex and violence. His history meaning his childhood, and also the letters that the people send to him for advice.Miss Lonelyhearts has a a couple of(prenominal) encounters with a woman named Fay Doyle. They do have intercourse on one occasion, and she tries to make him have it a second time. However, instead of intercourse, Miss Lonelyhearts decides to beat her violently. His passion and his need for sex are brought about by the letters th at he has to read for his job, and his childhood experiences, like his encounter with the frog. Tod Hackett presents fewer personal experiences that can be used to analyze in a psychological way, but the way he thinks can be.He knows that he cant have Faye, and he does want to rid Faye of the artificial quality that she possesses, but he cant help but have a somewhat repulsive sexual attraction to her. Even to the point where he decides that raping her would be a suitable idea. And even attempts it at one point. In this way, Tod and Miss Lonelyhearts are similar, but not completely homogenous. Homer is a bit different from Tod, and Miss Lonelyhearts in this area. Homer is more understandable on a psychological level. At first, Homer seems as though he is uneducated, and also very clumsy.However, his disappointments, and his insecurities soon lead to aggression. His aggressions are expressions of anger that come from his past and his future. He does have a sexual attraction to Faye, but his actions and feelings towards her are not quite as extreme as Tods and Miss Lonelyhearts feelings and actions toward women. Faye, however, does not take Homer seriously. He then feels like he has been cheated by Faye. He does a good job for most of the book at suppressing his anger until his final outburst that starts the riot at the end of the book.With Miss Lonelyhearts, Nathanael West presents a brutal and selfish character, which lusts for sex and violence, and gets both. With Tod Hackett, Nathanael West presents a successful and educated character that, despite his intellect, desperately wants a sexual relationship with a young woman, even to the point where he thinks about raping her, but never actually does it. And with Homer Simpson, Nathanael West presents an uneducated and clumsy character, which also lusts after a young woman, just not as explicitly as Tod, and turns out to be very aggressive.All of these characters are very similar in most of their desires, to be specific, their need for a sexual relationship, and their needs for aggression whether it is related to their sexual desires or not. disrespect their many similarities, each character has a unique way of showing their desires. It may have been a straight-forward approach like Miss Lonelyhearts, or a somewhat cautious yet extreme approach like Tod, or a deceptively timid and passive-aggressive approach like Homer, which ends up in a catastrophically aggressive outburst.

How Dickens uses language Essay

There is a variety of repetition in the passage. Phrases like Dead and Buried are repeated to remind us, as readers, that most of kills family is dead. The word buried, suggests that it happened some time ago and that he never knew them, which makes us feel pity and sympathy for the character. dash talks about his life in the marsh country, where he resided by the river and near the sea. This could possibly highlight how Pip ( small(a) like a river), may be connected to something greater than he couldve ever imagined (like the sea). dickens also uses some interesting vocabulary, with fascinating imagery in this passage. For example he describes the sea as a distant savage hideout. The word distant tells the reader that there is an unknown, oncoming threat. The word savage suggests it was over powerful and violent. Finally, the word lair implies a dangerous place, where victims are taken to be devoured. This shows the reader that Pip is not safe, and seems to be in grave danger. Al literation is another technique which Dickens has input in the passage. The phrase low leaden line, (which describes the river), is a good example of this.Rivers are supposed to be an aquatic blue colour, just Dickens describes it as leaden, which is a depressing grey colour, suggesting a bleak setting. Finally, Dickens uses third person in the passage, although this is questionable. In one sentence, Pip goes from narrating as an adult in the 1st person and then switches to the 3rd person, where he looks back at himself as a small child. This is because he is in utter disbelief at how lost he was, which is effective as the reader feels confused, just as Pip would have as a small child.

Examine what is meant by situation ethics Essay

Joseph Fletcher an Angli butt theologian was the of import person to challenge the view that morality and morality have to be based some laws and rules. He developed three ways of making moral decisions, these were1. The antinomian way2.The legalistic way3. The built in bedal wayThe antinomian way was a way of making decisions without any laws or regulations. It is what feels right at that particular time and on no bases whatsoever, only on how it feels to you. This was in addition where existentialism arose. existentialism being a principle developed by a 19th century Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard. His theory was that the best way to exploit decisions was for each idiosyncratic to find their own unique bases for morality the tack togetheration for his argument was that no objective or rational bases could be grounded in moral decisions. So the antinomian greet is therefore that in every existential moment or unique website the situation itself provides the ethical s olution.The legalistic turn up being at the other(a) end of the scale. This is a way of making decisions with regard to laws or rules. The legalist will live their deportment in accordance with a set of guidelines or rules. For object lesson Jews will abide by the rules of the Torah and make their decisions primarily from this source. Joseph Fletcher suggested a third way of making moral decisions and this was called the situational way, which consists of a compromise between antinomianism and legalism. In the situational approach every decision is made on one universal principle and that is delight.In situation moral philosophy his view was to look at each situation individually. His main line of argument was that the only moral principle that could be use to all situations is that of lamb, orTo do whatever is the most loving affaire. (Fletcher quoted by Jenkins, Ethics and religion p47). Whereas Natural law theorists ask what the law states, Fletcher asks what is the best possible decision to help others and provide come in doing so. Therefore in his view this is not a law in itself, and its not dictating what should be done in any particular situation but rather an approach that informs moral choice. In other words you should ever so have mortals best interest at heart.Another one of Fletchers arguments was that Christians ar meant to love and care for each other and God is alike portrayed to be all-loving. As this is the case for Christians shouldnt morality also be based around this theory to do the most loving thing? The Christian perspective like many other religions is based around the idea of congenital law. The natural law ethic arose in the 4th century BCE by Aristotle. The Christian theologian and philosopher Thomas Aquinas further developed the ideas first put in front by Aristotle. He argued that the natural purpose of the world is found in God. He outlined natural law in the following way by suggesting that all people should follo w the law of God. He also believed that Human purpose was to reproduce, to learn, to live harmoniously in society and to worship God. (Jenkins p26, quoted by www.organized religionnet.freeserve.co.uk/situation_ morals.htm).His net belief was that Natural law describes not only how things are, but also how they ought to be furthermore this happens when things fulfil their natural purpose. Natural law is only pertain with what seems to be the natural course of bearion for humans to take and this is where the conflict arises with situation moral philosophy. There are many circumstances where what appears to be natural doesnt appear to be loving. This is why theologians such as Joseph Fletcher dont agree with the natural law ethic as it causes much controversy. For manakin the Catholic Church undertook the natural law approach to guide them in terms of their sexual behaviour. They saw the natural purpose for sexual intercourse to be procreation, so therefore anything that proves to be a barrier to this end result is not forgoed i.e. contraception.When developing an approach to placement ethics Fletcher suggested 4 sounding principles and 6 fundamental principles to outline his ideas. The 4 working principles are1.Pragmatism- being ideas and theories that have to work in practice, to be right of good it has to produce a sexually attractive outcome that satisfies loves demand. The main emphasis is that the practical course of the action should be motivated by love.2.Relativism- To be relation, on has to be relative to something, as situation ethics maintains it has to relate to love and should always respond to love in each situation. Fletcher puts it relativises the absolute it does not absolutise the relative (Fletcher quoted from Vardy Puzzle of ethics p126). Meaning each absolute can be made relative to love but relativism cannot be apply to a concrete situation as love acts differently in different situations, it depends on how its applied and this varies with each circumstance.3.Positivism- this is accepting to act in love by faith rather than by reason, once faith is declared it is supported by logic. In situation ethics positing a belief in God as love or a higher good and then reasoning what is required in any situation to support that belief.4.Personalism- This is the desire to put people not laws first. It is always what is the best to help a person that makes a decision a good one. As God is meant to be personal therefore morality should also be person-centred.However It is the main framework of situation ethics that is outlined by the 6 fundamental principles. These are1. There is only one thing that is intrinsically good- love. Actions are good if they are fulfilling love by helping them but reversibly they are bad if they hurt people. No single act in itself is right or wrong it always depends on the situation the circumstance occurs in. Love always decides the actions that are good or bad.2. The ruling principle of Christian love is agape love. Agape love is self-giving love and this doesnt require anything in return. The overriding principle of decision-making is love.3. Love and justice are the same. In Fletchers words love and justice are the same thing, for justice is love distributed. (Fletcher quoted by William Bailay p73). He also claims that justice is love at work in the community in which human beings live. (Vardy, Puzzle of ethics p128).4. Thout shalt love thy dwell as thyself (William Temple quoted by Vardy, puzzle of ethics p123). As the neighbour is a member of the human family therefore love wills the neighbours good. Love is practical and not selective. Christian love is said to be unconditional so we should convey love to everyone and that includes are enemies.5. Only the end result justifies the means, love is the end- never a means to something else. Love can free anything in situation ethics as long as the end result satisfies love.6. Loves decisions are made in the circ umstance of each situation and not prescriptively. universe have a responsibility of freedom. No one is bound by laws, so with this responsibility comes the notion to do the most loving thing and to wear this to every situation.Fletcher claims that it is a mistake to generalise. You cant say Is it ever right to lie to your family? The answer must be, I dont know, make water me an example. A concrete situation is needed, not a generalisation. It all depends may well be the watchword of the Situationist. (Puzzle of ethics, Vardy p.130)There are many moral dilemmas when give authorized situations, and taking the situational view we are faced with the duty to do the most loving thing possible, and to serve agape love. Taking an example from William Bailay, on a wilderness trial to Kentucky many people lost their lives to Indians who hunted them down. In one case there was a muliebrity who carried her kid with her and her child was crying. The babys crying was betraying the rest o f the camp as the cries were buy the farming the Indians to them. The mother clung to her child and as a result the whole camp was found and they were all killed. In another case a Negro woman and her company found themselves in the same situation, their lives were in danger, as they too would be found out if the baby continued to cry.However the Negro woman strangled her child to stop its cries, and as a result the whole party escaped. How can we tell which action was love? The Mother who kept her baby and brought death all, or that of the mother who killed her own child to save the lives of her family and friends? This is a better example of the type of decisions that situation ethics confronts us with. In situation ethics there is no definite right or wrong, it has to be applied by each circumstance. Likewise there is no intrinsic value, no goodness or badness held purely in an action itself. Situation ethics says it all depends on the situation and whether or not it fulfils lo ve. Goodness and badness are not properties of moral actions they are predicates.This demonstrates one of the key aspects and an advantage for situation ethics. Sometimes morality can be somewhat restricted however in taking the situational approach there are no moral rules. If someone with morals can only abide to duty they cant go outside their own boundaries. This is the case in many orthodox religions. Whereas situation ethics maintains that there are no absolutes, you are allowed to go outside certain boundaries if in doing so you are providing the most loving result. Take the Islamic faith for example. Muslims follow the laws of the Koran one law is do not steel, which is an absolute. But say if there were a single mother living in the poorer regions of the country who had no money and was struggling to feed her starving children. Would it be right for the mother to let her children starve?Or would it be better for the woman to go against the law and perhaps steel some food in order for them to survive? If the woman followed her religion seriously then it would not be morally right for her to steel and as a result her children lives would be at stake. This is the advantage of situation ethics, it says that words like never and absolute cant be used because their will always be exceptions. Another advantage of situation ethics is that people are always put first, it is a personal matter. People are made more important than principles. This goes against the legalistic approach. Where legalism put laws in first place conversely situation ethics makes people the main emphasis.Furthermore we often find that the outside world is constantly changing. As we live in the modern day and age we are on a constant roller coaster of changing situation. As a result of this many religions find it extremely difficult to apply their laws to the modern world. Take the Torah being applied to the modern age or orthodox Jews attempts to conserve laws against modern relativism to be an example. Because situation ethics can change with time this gives it a huge advantage. Situation ethics also makes the important link between love and justice, which is another key aspect and this is shown as the third of the six fundamental principles. To Fletcher justice is love distributed and Justice is love working out its problems. (William Bailay p73)However there have also been many criticisms of Situation Ethics. When referring to the meaning of love, this is sometimes seen to be too general. As love has no definite meaning, it changes according to the situation, it becomes relative, and so it cannot be said that there is only one moral absolute. As there are no specific guidelines for agape love it could be said that it is possible to justify any action. These are dangerous boundaries. The question What business leader happen if I allow euthanasia once? could be asked. It may be hard to know where to draw the line people all over the place might leap out killing their grandparents because they are too oldin the name of love Situation ethics sometimes relies on spontaneity, however spontaneity can sometimes be misguided. It may turn out to be irrational and foolish.The abandonment of rules may in turn reduce situation ethics to antinomianism. It may lead to a state of moral flux as rules play an important part in sociological maintenance. It is also been decided that there are certain examples of absolutes. Take rape, child abuse and genocide, these are all examples of absolutes that are wrong and under no circumstance would they be right. You would not be able to justify this with love. It is often quite hard to understand exactly what is meant by the meaning of love. It can be hard to know what they most loving thing to do is. It is also hard to know what the most loving thing is in terms of the consequence. How can we predict all the consequences of an action? This can be shown by euthanasia. Say their was a man who had aids and had only a 5% chance of getting better again, he approached his friend and asked him if he would end his life for him. What happens if he got better?Even if there is only a very tiny chance there is still a chance. The man might all at once make a recovery and go on to lead a long and prosperous life. How can we predict the consequences? It is also hard when attempting to share love out fairly in a particular situation. This can also be shown by this example of euthanasia it is hard to know what is the best for the person, friends and family. It might be best for the man but what might be best for him might not necessarily be the most loving thing for the family or their friends. It is also quite hard to view a situation from a totally unbiased perspective.There is a possibility that a decision could be made selfishly with or without realising it but as its in the name of love it is justifiable. This again makes the boundary for love very hard to distinguish. It is also questionable as to whether it is possible for all members of society to judge each situations by its merits. A lot of time and energy has to go into the decision this isnt always accessible to everyone. How practical is situation ethics? Finally on what basis is it possible for the situationist to make moral decisions? What happens when there are no last-ditch ethical principles? The situationist is making prejudiced decisions based potentially on personal whims. An example of a danger caused by this can be seen in the actions of Adolf Hitler and his view towards the Jews in the Second World War.For those who felt that situation ethics went to far in attempting to set itself free from any conception of law, there is an approach that combines twain theories of natural law and of situation ethics. This approach is known as proportionalsim. Proportionalists hold the belief that there are particular situations where moral rules should be abided to unless there is a proportionate reason for not contendi ng with them.This reason would be grounded in the situation itself. In this way the primary precepts of natural law could be accepted (e.g. killing, stealing, dissimulation etc) as the ground rules unless there was a sufficient reason for not doing so. Proportionalists hold a clear distinction between moral and non-moral acts. For example proportionalists would say abortion is wrong, but it may be morally right in the circumstances of that situation. However unlike situationalists they say that love does not then make a wrong action right. Furthermore they still incur the same problems that situationalists face in trying to determine what bests serves love in a situation, and on making decisions by selfish means.

My Friend’s Most Important Decision Essay

inaugurally, I would like to introduce my friend Jenny, who was born in china and now she is 25 years old. In 2011, she left her great job and came to the fall in States to pursue her master degree. Jenny decided to study in the United States and in incident at JWU because she wanted to study professional noesis of management and have a master degree, she believe the U.S is the origin of the MBA program and JWU is famous for its hotel management program.First and foremost, after graduation, Jenny worked at the Beijing Branch of Education Service Center for about three years. She has great expectations for her c arer and she wants to overprotect a gamy position but its difficult for her. She said, You can see my academic background, I never studied any business knowledge, if I want to get high promotion, to study professional knowledge of management and have a master degree is important for me. Thus, she wanted to get an MBA to get more knowledge of management and improve all k inds of abilities and help herself with her career objective.Another reason why she decided to study in the U.S. is because she believe that the United States is the origin of the MBA program. The United States MBA program pays more attention to practical attainments and ability development, like communication, leadership, control, decision making, influence and entrepreneurship. She thinks studying in America can advance her career and pick out her more competitive in her field. She said to me, Americans Hospitality management program is very strong. Because in America , many universities are famous for this program, like Cornell University, University of Houston, Pennsylvania State University, and the U.S. also has some famous hotel, like Hilton Grand Vacations, New York Hotel and so on. Thus, she believes America is a good pose for her to study this major.Most of all, Johnson & Wales university is famous for its hotel management program. She has a friend who is currently study ing hotel management at JWU, and her friend told her some advantages about this university, especially article of faith resources on management is quite good. After that, she searched a lot of information on the internet, and found that JWU was suitable for her. She said, this university is career-oriented school, especially pay attention to students practical skill development, like communication, decision making, entrepreneurship and leadership ability. Many students who graduate from JWU can get into big companies like Hilton Hotel, so she believes studying at JWU can pick out her more competitive in the future.For these reasons and more, Jenny decided that in order to make herself more marketable that she needed to leave her job in China and move to the United States in order to learn professional knowledge and extend her education. Therefore, Jenny, my best friend, chose to study in the United States in an MBA program and in particular at JWU with a concentration in Hospitali ty.

American Indian Hist

The hesitancy of what motivates people more when they act cultural priorities, much(prenominal) as religion or impost, or the so-called rational motivations, such as economic science and governance has been one long debated on. This debate has been quite fierce, members of both(prenominal) sides providing valid and roleful argu manpowerts to support their claims. One of the focal points for this discussion be the people known under the blanket term domestic Ameri tushs. Where did their motivations stem from? Was it hardly pragmatism, a wish to sit the most out of both outsiders? Or was culture and tradition vital to decision making?It is doubtless that both of these components were present, however, the question is, which was the initial factor of influence, dominating thought and action. Scholars require attempted to prove points both ways. I support the side which claims that culture was the primary factor. I shall graduation provide counter-arguments to the opposi ng side, then provide supporting arguments for my own claim. First, however, it must be noted that Native Americans is a very catchall term, which is employ for lack of a better one. As the website of the Native American re appear center states, It must be emphasized that no one person speaks for Indian People.There are thoroughly-nigh three hundred distinct American Indian Nations in the present United States. Each has its own language and history, its own sacred places and rituals. Each is grow in and part of the land out of which it grew. There are dozens of tribes, including some that are officially considered extinct now, that had quite different customs. If we say that on that point were Native Americans and they had one kind of culture and, as a consequence, had the same customs, we may just as well say that thither are Europeans and they submit one culture, completely losing the obvious distinctions mingled with different nations.The cultures of different tribes of Na tive Americans are very different to deny this would be to unjustly diminish their cultural value and yet there are cultural tendencies, and there are exceptions. I go away attempt to prove that the tendency is to use tradition as a guideline, and the occasions where pragmatical reasons have been primary are the exceptions verifying the rule. First I shall examine the political argument. It seems very surd to think that politics in the sense that we understand them now had an influence on the Native Americans.When we think of politics we think of diplomatic traditions, of treaties that are made to be broken, of backstabbing. This, however, was not the dominant case with Native Americans. As Dee Brown wrote in his book secrete My Heart at Wounded Knee, So tractable, so peaceable, are these people, Columbus wrote to the King and Queen of Spain referring to the Tainos on the island of San Salvador, so was named by Columbus, that I swear to your Majesties there is not in the world a better nation.They venerate their neighbors as themselves, and their discourse is ever sweet and gentle, and accompanied with a smile and though it is align that they are naked, yet their manners are decorous and praiseworthy. This was support a number of times by other observations, Columbuss report being merely the most famous occasion. Time after time, the settlers employ the same tactic. While officially recognizing the natives as owners of the land, they used any tactic possible to get them to sell the land, up to getting the chief of the tribe drunk.Then, erst the treaty which usually went along the lines of There are white men on your lands now anyway, but give us a part of your land, and we will not go on your land without your permission. was signed, in a few age the expansion continued in the same manner, and new treaties were signed. Despite these circumstances, there have been virtually no instances of the treaties between the Indians and the Europeans being broken by the Indians however, Europeans were breaking these treaties constantly, in 99% of the casesOne would think that if politics were the defining factor in the Native Americans way of studying they would have changed their tactic after the first few times these treaties were broken they were not fools, and hundreds of years of such tactics would have destroyed heretofore the most saintly naivete. So the conclusion must be that there was something more than mere wish that the white men would see reason standing behind these promises that forced the Native Americans to keep them. The next common choice for primary motivation is economics.However, scorn the fact that the Indians had private property and were no strangers to trade, this could hardly be the dominating motivation. First of all, the Indians were completely self-supporting. Even if they did require something essential they could not produce themselves which was reasonably rare other Native American tribes ge nerally proved much better business partners, generally being more honest than the Europeans. Consequentially, all the Europeans could spin them were luxuries. This, naturally, should not be underestimated as a lure in any way.However, a trade which truly entails only luxuries is always small by necessity. In any case, trade relationships were not nearly so large-scale as in the Old World. They could not have been the driving motivation Also, we have many documents that detail the interaction between Native Americans and European settlers. The initial reply to the abovementioned land-selling treaties was nearly always quite similar. For instance, an excerpt from the 1752 Abenaki Conference between Captain Phineas Stevens and the St.Francis Indians shows the Indians attitude to these treaties 4 But we will not cede one genius inch of the lands we inhabit beyond what has been decided formerly by our fathers. 5 You have the sea for your share from the place where you reside you ca n trade there but we expressly forbid you to kill a single Beaver, or to take a single stick of timber on the lands we inhabit if you want timber well sell you some, but you shall not take it without our permission. And there exists a number of other documents revealing a similar attitude.Could this, in truth, only be showing that the Indians merely wanted a better negociate? One could naturally gain a leeway in trade by keeping the land and selling its resources. However, it is a basic law of economics that one wishing to trade must meet the demand. Had this trade in itself been a factor of dire importance to the Indians, they would have put forth an hunting expedition to convince the Europeans that trading would prove profitable. However, the attitude that prevails in documents is one of indifference. It seems like the Indians did not care for the presence of Europeans.If the white men wished a trade, then they would get a trade. If they did not, the Indians seemed perfectly co ntent to let them live without making any more contact than absolutely unavoidable. Trade was not of importance it influenced the relationship between the natives and settlers when it was present, but it was by no means the most important factor. On the other hand, tradition and culture was of extreme importance, influencing entire tribes behaviors oddly such a part of culture as religion. For Native Americans religion was of utmost importance.Even the Canadian Jesuit missionaries remarked that the Native Americans were highly religious and not in the Sunday Christian sense, all, but with deep roots and a great influence of every aspect of their lives. This is a characteristic feature of most tribal societies, where little distinction is made between the sacral and the mundane. However, for Indians religion had special relevance, as it was one of the things that allowed them to cling on to their cultural identity, saving them from assimilation. Yet even before this was a relev ant factor, religion permeated nearly every aspect of Native American life.Their religion was (and remains) one of pure personal experience, not loss any room for dogma. The Native American worldview is mythological. For all practical purposes, this means that religious factors such as hunting rituals and their theoretical results are the perceived as being absolutely as physically real as an arrow fired into an animal, having the same kind of cause-and-effect that a physical event efficiency. A deal with a spirit, for instance, is treated as seriously as a treaty with a human. A spirits warning was heeded as much as a humans would, with absolutely the same kind of discretion.And magical means of solving problems were taken as absolutely valid. One of the most well known incidents was in 1876, before the battle at Little-Big-Horn when the famed Sitting Bull performed a three-day shamanic ritual to decide what to do with the white men, staring at the sun and wounding himself until he fell unconscious. After he came to, he announced that the white men were there for the Indians to take, because he saw white men fall into the Indians camp headfirst, losing their hats, meaning they would be the killed by the Indians.Also he announced that They had no ears, i. e. they were deaf to reason, giving the Indians a moral redress to attack. This is not the only incidence of religion influencing political activity. The Ghost Dance religion can be cited as another famous example, showing how Native American religion changed with the times, how it adapted to the flow of time and adopted alien cultural notions and yet survived without losing all of its cultural value, keeping the spirit, though changing the form.One might say that this lack of dissemination between regular life and religious life simply brings more factors into the political games. Religious leaders are used as figure heads for power play, and spirits are dealt with in the same manner humans are dealt with if, indeed, the shamans who contact the spirits even believe in them and not use them as a means of their own power and control This is, however, hardly the case, as there are numerous arguments against this position in the study of tribal societies as a whole.Firstly, their religion was always very personal. Every single Indian had their own religious experience and, as with any religion that requires its neophytes to work out their own niche clergy being needed only in extreme cases it is always very strong. The strength of this experience makes it difficult to give anything that is lower than it is a higher priority. The Native Americans did not believe in their gods watching over them they knew the gods were there as much as they knew that their tepee was still standing.And while white men were considered a temporary nuisance, guests or invaders at best, and were treated that way, the gods were almost like family, and treated with necessary respect and habituated due prio rity. Second, as the phenomenon of the Ghost Dance shows, the acts done out of religion were not necessarily the wisest politically such as the sending out of search parties to look for the Messiah said to be an incarnation of Jesus, and this at the time when men were crucial to survival so faking divine inspiration for political power is ruled out.So, if the leaders genuinely believed in what they saw, the fate of hundreds and thousands rested within religion more than enough to define it as one of the crucial influencing factors. It can be seen that politics and trade simply not as much of an influence on life, while religious and cultural activity was always super important, guiding the life of every Indian to a certain extent. This was the source of much misunderstanding, since for Europeans politics often took the leading role when religion failed to provide the necessary support and guidance.This made both sides misinterpret the others actions, resulting in a long and bloo dy war that spanned generations. The Native Americans also had also led wars between all(prenominal) other in the past they were no strangers to military tactics. However, their wars had rules ones that the settlers naturally broke, thus spelling defeat for the natives. This also shows just how big a role does tradition play in Native American society had they adapted to the way of war which the Europeans brought to them, they would have survived losing less than they did.In conclusion, it can be said that, as we have seen, purely empirical evidence proves that the Native Americans did not use either politics or economics as the prime guideline for building the relationships either among themselves or between them and Europeans. These factors were not considered firsthand in any crisis situation, and even 370 years of war against the Europeans did not put them very high on the disceptation of priorities. However, ethics and religion made quite an impact on the decisions made by the Native American people, and remain influential factors in their thinking to this day.This was the true motivation of most Native Americans, and remains so up to modern times. Works cited. 1. American Indian Culture Research Center http//www. bluecloud. org/dakota. hypertext markup language 2. Dee Brown, Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee An Indian History of the American West, Henry Holt & Company Reprint edition (February 1, 1991) 3. Terry L. Anderson, Dances with myths truths about American Indians environmental ethics, Reason, February 1997. 4. Ghost Dance Religion http//www. bgsu. edu/departments/acs/1890s/woundedknee/WKghost. html 5.Cultures of North America http//www. mnsu. edu/emuseum/cultural/northamerica/index. shtml 6. Cultures of North America http//www. mnsu. edu/emuseum/cultural/northamerica/index. shtml 7. David Stannard, The American final solution, Oxford University Press, 1992. 8. The Massacre at Wounded Knee http//www. hanksville. org/daniel/lakota/Wounded_Knee. ht ml 9. The Wampum Chronicles Mohawk Territory on the Internet http//www. wampumchronicles. com/index. html 10. George E. Tinker, Religion http//college. hmco. com/history/readerscomp/naind/html/na_032600_religion.htm 11. NativeWeb http//www. nativeweb. org/ 12. Indian Affairs Laws and Treaties. Compiled and edited by Charles J. Kappler http//digital. library. okstate. edu/kappler/Vol1/HTML_files/toc. html 13. Abenaki Conference with Phineas Stevens. Documents Related to the Colonial History of the State of New York Vol. X. pg. 252-254. Donated by Jeffery Miller Administrator of Fort 4. http//www. avcnet. org/ne-do-ba/doc_1752. html 14. The Manataka Oath, Creed and Code of Conduct http//www. manataka. org/page182. html

Nursing Health Assessment

DE LA SALLE health SCIENCES INSTITUTE COLLEGE OF nursing AND SCHOOL OF MIDWIFERY CITY OF DASMARINAS, CAVITE NURSING HEALTH ASSESSMENT Submitted by Andrea Antonette D. Balboa Submitted to Rowena Cepeda-Laigo, RN, MAEd NURSING HEALTH ASSESSMENT I. perspective Post Caesarean Section II. HEALTH HISTORY AND PHYSICAL enquiry A. Demographic (Biographical Data) Clients initials R. R. P. Gender Female Age, Birthdate and Birthplace 34, 10/21/1978, Muntinlupa Marital (Civil) Status Married Nationality Filipino Religion Roman CatholicAddress and Telephone Number Blk 5 Lot 54 Greengate Imus Cavite educational Background Bachelors Degree in Computer Science Occupation (usual and present) Encoder Usual witnesser of Medical Care PhilHealth Date of Admission 01/08/2013 B. Source and Reliability of Information The unhurried was competent to impart information. She was able to speak distinctly conscious and coherent oriented to beat, place and per parole. The long-sufferings graph was also in cluded as a secondary source of information C. Reasons for Seeking Care 1. hapless size of pelvis 2. Scheduled for caesarean section D.History of Present Health The expected date of the language was January 8, 2013, 800AM at St. Paul Hospital. It was a scheduled caesarean section of the patient not in labor. The patient was calm since it was her second time to deliver a fetus through caesarean section. there were no signs and symptoms of labor happened. The patient foresees to stop adding a family member because they already have a son and a daughter. E. Past Medical History or Past Health a. Pediatric / Childhood / liberal Illnesses The patient did not have some(prenominal) pediatric, childhood or adult illnesses. b. Injuries or AccidentsThe patient did not have any injuries or accidents. c. Hospitalization and Operations The patient had a caesarean section pull round 2006, 2007 and 2013. d. Reproductive History The patient had her menarche at the age of 12. Her last menstrua l period was April 27, 2012. Her menstrual cps was 28 days and her menstrual duration was 3 to 4 days. Her obstetric score was G3P2 T2P0A1L2M0. e. Immunization BCG /? / At Birth /? / School Entrance DPT /? / 1st Dose /? / second dose /? /3rd dose trivalent live oral poliomyelitis vaccine /? / 1st Dose /? / second dose /? /3rd dose AMV /? / TT /? / 1st Dose /? / 2nd dose /? /3rd dose /? 4th dose /? / 5th dose HBV /? / 1st Dose /? / 2nd dose /? /3rd dose Others None f. Allergies /? / Food, (please specify) Shrimp / / Drugs or medications, (please specify) None / / Chemicals, (please specify) None / / Other environmental allergens, (please specify) None The patient has an allergy in shrimps. The patient experiences hives as an allergic reaction and applies an anti-allergy appointed by her dermatologist to alleviate the manifestation. g. Medications None G. Socio-Economic History FAMILY MEMBER /RELATIONSHIP TOPATIENT OCCUPATION /SOURCE OF INCOME periodic INCOME R.R. P. Encoder P22,0 00. 00 The patient works as an encoder. The monthly income of P22,000. 00 can only support the basic needs of the family solely not particularly of members health. It will be not enough and budgeted exclusively for the necessities of the family. H. Psychosocial Assessment Patients Age 34 years old Developmental Stage Young Adulthood Developmental depute Intimacy vs Isolation Occurring in young adulthood, we begin to share ourselves more intimately with others. We explore relationships lead story toward longer term commitments with someone other than a family member.Successful completion can lead to convenient relationships and a sense of commitment, safety, and care within a relationship. Avoiding intimacy, fearing commitment and relationships can lead to isolation, loneliness, and sometimes depression. Patient met the developmental task of being in an intimate relationship with her partner. They are married and have 2 kids. I. in operation(p) Assessment 1. Health-Perception-Hea lth Management sit The patients translation of her current health was weak and uncorrectable to get pregnant. The activities that the patient does to improve or maintain his health was to not get over time in work.Patients knowledge about links between lifestyle choices and health was not answered. The completion of patients problem on financing health care was hopefully the budget will fit. Patient has the knowledge of the names of current medications she was taking and their purpose. Activities that the patient does to prevent problems related to allergies was to apply an anti-allergy cocksure from her dermatologist. Patient has the knowledge about medical problems in the family. There were no important illnesses or injuries in the patients life. 2. Nutritional-Metabolic ruler The patients nourishment was to eat fruits and vegetable.Patients food choices in comparison with recommended food intake were not answered. The patient has no any disease that affects nutritional-meta bolic function. 3. Elimination Pattern The patients excretory pattern was constipated. The patient has no any disease of the digestive system, urinary system or skin. 4. Activity-Exercise Pattern The patients description of his weekly pattern of activities, leisure, exercise and merriment was to eat outside and considers it as a family bonding. The patient has no any disease that affects his cardio-respiratory and/or Muscoskeletal systems. 5. Sleep-Rest PatternThe description of the patients sleep-wake cycle was completed of 8 hours. Patients physical appearance was relaxed. 6. Cognitive-Perceptual Pattern The patient has sensory deficit of astigmatism and was not corrected. Patients has the ability to express herself clearly and logically. Patients education was bachelors degree of computer science. The patient has no any disease that affects mental or sensory function. Patients pain description was of abdominal because of running(a) procedure of caesarean section. 7. Self-Percep tion-Self Concept Pattern There was no unusual about the persons appearance.The patient was comfortable with her appearance, simple but comfortable. Description of the patients feeling state was happy, comfortable because she already has a baby boy and a girl. She was worried about their financial needs because of the added family member. 8. fictional character Relationship Pattern Patients description of his various roles in life was to be a responsible mother. Positive role model of her roles was her mother, to save for family but she is more of disciplinarian than her mother. Important relationships at present were her family. There were no big changes in role or relationship. . Sexuality-Reproductive Pattern Patients satisfaction with her situation related to sexuality was good. If both of them were tired, they dont do sexual intercourse. The patients plans and experiences did not matched regarding having children because everything changed and she was more matured than before. 10. Coping-Stress Tolerance Pattern Patients means/actions of deal with problems were there must be a mark for her to achieve. Coping actions help even though the goal was partially met as long as it was met. Eat, sleep and hang out were treatments/therapies for emotional distress. 1. Value-Belief Pattern Principles that the patient learned as a child which are still important to her was she does not want shortage, she wants everything to be provided. Patients identification with any cultural, ethnic religious or other groups is she is a St. Claire devotee. patronage system that the patient finds significant was her family. J. Review of Systems and Physical Examination Date of Examination January 9, 2013 PHYSICAL SYSTEMS R. O. S. P. E. 1. popular Status and Vital Signs clear naman (-) fever(-) tachycardia(-) tachypnea(-) hypertension 2.Integument (Skin, Hair, and Nails) O.K. naman (+) pallor(-) skin turgor(-) edema 3. Head and Neck Okay naman 4. Eyes Okay naman, may astigm atism lang yung left eye ko (+) astigmatism 5. Ears Okay naman 6. Mouth, Throat, pry and Sinuses Okay naman 7. Thorax and Lungs Okay naman 8. Breast and Lymphatic System Di lang ako makapag-produce ng milk kapag di pa ko kumakain (+) inverted nipple (-) breastmilk 9. Heart and Neck Vessels Nagpapapalpitate ako minsan kapag pagod (+) palpitation 10.Peripheral Vascular System Nagkavaricose veins na ko sa bigat ko, laging nakatayo at nung buntis pa ko ang bigat ng tyan ko (+) varicose veins 11. Abdomen Kumikirot kasi tahi ko (+) pain 12. Genitourinary Nagka-UTI ako nung nagbubuntis pa ko (+) rubra lochia(-) urinary tract infection 13. Anus, Rectum and Prostate Hirap akong tumae (+) constipation 14. Musculoskeletal System Okay naman, ngayon lang ako di makakilos ng maayos dahil masakit tahi pa ko (+) limited ROM 15. Nervous System Okay naman (+) conscious 16. Hematologic Okay naman 17. Endocrine Okay naman 18. Psychiatric Okay naman

Criteria for a good short story Essay

Does The happen of the dapple teleph one meet your criteria for a good short tommyrot?A short written report is a snip of fiction shorter than a novel or novelette, and is one of the oldest forms of literature. Some of the most famous short stories atomic number 18 The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer in the 14th Century. However, before the 1800s short stories did not get much respect, and were gathern as a poor relation of the novel. At around 1835, Edgar Allen Poe became the starting writer to make the short story a distinct literary form. After this the popularity of this form of literature grew in popularity due to short stories being publish in magazines and journals, becoming widely available.The Adventure of the Speckled Band was written by Arthur Conan Doyle in 1892. It was published as part of a book of twelve short stories, all in the crime writing style. Conan Doyle was and gloss over is famous for his crime stories involving the great detective, Sherloc k Holmes. Before taking up professional writing, Conan Doyle was a doctor. The first of the Sherlock Holmes stories was A Study in Scarlet and was published in 1887. The crime story genre was very popular in the 19th century, and many established writers wrote stories of this type. For example, Charles Dickens last, unfinished novel was The mystery story of Edwin Drood. This was a murder mystery and so shows how popular the genre had be practise.For any short story to be successful, especially the crime genre, the correct authorial perspective must be chosen. In The Adventure of the Speckled Band the perspective is that of Dr Watson, looking back over a previous case. I think that this is effectual because the reader is able to relate to Watson, as he is following Sherlock Holmes. Watson also learns of the clues at the equivalent times as the reader, but doesnt get an explanation.This creates tension and excitement and so the reader leave read on to find out. For example, the re ader knew there was a dummy bell rope, but it wasnt until Holmes explained it that we found out its actual use. If the narrative perspective had of been from Sherlock Holmes point of view, there would be no tension as he worked out the clues very quickly. We shaft the when Holmes saw the bell rope was a dummy, it instantly gave rise to the suspicion that the rope was there as a bridge for something passing through the hole and coming to the bed. Another option Conan Doyle could have chosen would be to have an omniscient narrator, who would know everything going on and everyones feelings. This, also, would have reduced the tension and atmosphere in the story.The plot of The Adventure of the Speckled Band is that of a typical nineteenth Century crime story. A young woman, Helen chromatic, comes to see Sherlock Holmes, aft(prenominal) the strange circumstances surrounding her sisters death start to reprise themselves. Just before she got married, therefore getting her inheritance, she dies very mysteriously. female child Stoner is very worried, and she is also repose to be married. Holmes and Watson agree to help the young lady. However, before they set off for Stoke Moran, Dr Grimesby Roylott, Miss Stoners stepfather, pays them a visit and tries to threaten them into not going.This only encourages Holmes, who goes to the house, where he finds several clues in the bedrooms. Holmes decides to come back to the house at night and stay in Miss Stoners bedroom, to knockout the strange events for himself. During the night, a snake crawls through the ventilator between Dr Roylott and Miss Stoners rooms. Holmes attacks it and it flees back, where it turns upon its owner, and kills him. As this is a short story, it should only have one main storyline, and this one does. If there was more than one then there would be little time for any development of plot at all. Conan Doyle, in The Adventure of the Speckled Band gives enough information to sustain interest, but is also very discriminating about what is included in it. There are some events in the story that are not directly important to the plot, but create tension and suspense.The visit of Dr Roylott to Sherlock Holmes house is included for this reason. Dr Roylott describes himself as a dangerous man to fall foul of, so Holmes wants to get to the house even more quickly, as he fears for the safety of Miss Stoner. This also increases the pace of the story, and makes it more exciting. Conan Doyle uses various things throughout the story to keep the readers interest. Dr Grimesby Roylott is an unusual man, who used to live in Calcutta. He went to prison for after he beat his native butler to death. When he returned home to England he had various ferocious quarrels, due to his violence of appease approaching to mania.Dr Roylott also kept tropical animals, which also makes him an interesting character, and his violent temper is also typical of a nineteenth Century villain. Another factor that creates interest in the story is the amazing skills of deduction possessed by Sherlock Holmes. Watson notices his quick, all-comprehensive glances when he first meets Miss Stoner. Holmes then goes on to deduce her exact journey, just from what he has seen. The reader is then anxious to see what he deduces from what Miss Stoner tells him about her circumstances.

Turkle and Gopnik

Connecting points for Turkle and Gopnik What changed? That James story helps supply the key. It was trains and telegrams. The railway system ended isolation, and packed the metropolis with people whose work was defined by a complicated profits of social obligations. (Gopnik 157). She confined that she would trade in her boyfriend for a sophisticated Japanese zombie if the robot would produce what she called caring environment I would be happy to produce the illusion that there is mortal satisfyingly with me A responsive robot even exhibited scripted behavior, seemed better to her than he demanding boyfriend (Turkle 269). In both passages the authors discuss how technology can be very convenient for us. Gopnik discusses how trains and telegrams make it easier for people to describe where they need to and communicate. However, trains brought over crowding to the cities and telegrams created a sense of separation because directly people did not get to actually go and see each other. Turkle also let the cat out of the bags about the convenience that comes with technology. When she was talking to a female that said that she would not mind a robot boyfriend because it would help her not to be l unrivalledly but un resembling a real one it she would not have to tend to their demands. The real question, I saw was not Why this friend? but, Why this fiction? Why as Olivia had seen so clearly, are grownups in New York so lively, and so obsessed with the language of busyness that it dominants their conversation? grabbing luncheon instead of sitting down and exchanging intimacies( Gopnik 156). Do you care that the tip over is alive? A ten stratum old girl told me that she would prefer a robot turtle because aliveness comes with aesthetic inconvenience For what the turtles do, you didnt have to have live ones. (Turkle 265-266) Both authors have made assumptions for their essays based on youths point of view . Gopnik uses his daughters imaginary friend to sh ow how things are in the busy life of a New York. Technology has made New Yorkers so busy that they rather talk to the person later instead of sitting down and having actual conversation. Turkle also uses children to explain her point. At the menagerie with children she explains how they said that they rather see a mechanical turtle because actual interaction with a turtle is not needed if the fake one can do the same thing.Both of these are examples of how technology is now seen as equal to physical bonding. Busyness is felt so intently here because we are both crowded and overloaded. We exit the apartment into a still dense nineteenth century grid of course corners and restaurants of people full of people, and come to a twentieth-century grid of faxes and emails and overwhelming incompleteness (Gopnik 158) We build a next on Facebook or Myspace and wonder to what degree our borrowers are friends But for most people it begins when one creates a profile on social- networking sit e or builds a persona or avatar for a game or virtual world. (Turkle 273). Both authors in these quotes talk about how, how technology has begun today to follow you everywhere and becomes more important to you than anything else. And how we create online networks we become encompassed and like our emails they become our lives. We become overwhelmed because we feel like we must respond to them and we must check our twitter followers.

Expository Essay

Expository Essay Some memories are joyful, sequence others are quite sad, and then the bittersweet moments are a combination of both. These bittersweet memories are much memorable and one that stays fresh in my mind is the coming and going of my Golden Retriever whelp, Chance. I was overjoyed when we firstborn got him and couldnt have been happier but his death was unpleasant and left me with a meritless taste in my mouth for weeks to come. This whole experience taught how to appreciate what I have because you dont know what you got till its gone.One of the most memorable and impactful memories of my life happened when I was just six geezerhood old. It was a chilly day in mid January as I cheerfully scampered off the initiate bus to dash inside and be greeted by a mug of hot chocolate and untoughened cookies. I was clumsily toying around with Legos while waiting in anticipation for my dad to shell home. The moment I saw my dad walk through the door I darted down the stairs a nd was shocked to see him holding a large, mysterious cardboard box.He informed me that contained inside were loads of cupcakes he had gotten from work, but to my surprise when I looked inside I saw a tiny little puppy bundled up in blanket sleeping on the base of the box. I was thrilled at first but soon after my hopes were crushed when I realized this little dog had fatal cancer and only had a short month to live. Due to his horrible condition we named him Chance for his perseverance to arrive such a sickly Herring 2 disease. My roller coaster experience with him helped to mold me into the person that I am today.This memory is so all-important(prenominal) to me because Chance was the first pet I had ever had the hazard to call my own and I had also desired to own a puppy ever since I was a baby. Over a short time Chance and I had developed a plastered bond from racing around the house and bounding around in the fresh snow. This connection we shared showed me how important com panions were and how much I enjoyed having them around me. After a few weeks of living with him he began to show signs of weakness. He would sometimes stumble while walking and even vomit after eating a meal.I was touch perception miserable to see him experiencing this pain so our family had to make a decision. We came to a general consensus that it was time to drift him down. After a lot of shed tears and heartache I began to understand the situation in a different light. I had begun to realize life ends and living things dont last forever. I really appreciated chance for what he was and dearly missed him. The great memories with Chance still remained and helped me to care for his existence even more. Overall this memory taught me how to enjoy what I have and be grateful because I may blink and not see it ever again.Expository Essay

Biographical/Historical Influences Essay

Frankenstein, also known as The Modern Prometheus, is written by a British author Mary Wollstonecraft Godwin Shelley during her teens. The novels theme is leavened with a few characteristics of Gothic and Romanticism. base on Frankenstein, Or, The Modern Prometheus (Shelley), the title is bothuded to an inventor, Victor Frankenstein, who has an ability to create life of a man whom he calls monster afterwards.Moreover, the long arguments with regard to the significance and originality of the story always come along the way thus, this musical composition unfolds the real essence of the storywhat does it signify for the modern readers and how do words of the story flow along with the connotations its influences and so on. Given the list of influences and/or events from Mary Shelleys life, it becomes quite uncomplicated to identify and let on how these impacts have prospered to the entire conception of the novel.One of the influences concern the arguments of his father, Godwin in P olitical Justice, in which he argues that decisions make concerning who lives and dies should be made by those scientists and doctors that are completely impartial. In addition, the impacts of Godwins pieces of writing in Shelleys philosophical thoughts become undeniable, indeed.Her father created a certain philosophy in which the presence of responsibility is inevitable The true perfection of man was to attain, as nearly as possible, to the perfectly voluntary state that we ought to be, upon all occasions, prepared to render a reason of our actions and should remove ourselves to the furthest distance, from the state of mere inanimate machines, acted upon by causes of which they have no understanding, (Political Justice 2 519-528, Godwin).Hence, as an analysis of the entire view, it becomes quite easy to determine all the responsibilities, which are accountable for every individuals behavior such as those of Frankenstein. One of the impacts that should also be acknowledged is that which concerns her fathers disapprobation of the rise of applied science stating that its worldly concern would diminish the need for human beings to cooperate with each othermaking it less and less required to work together.In other words, such a view concerns dealing with reliability on the instruction technology Responsibility in the contemporary world and with the awesome power of technology which may be used for good or evil has changed. We cannot evade the responsibility that comes with this change the responsibility to use technology wisely, not only for the sake of our patients but also for the sake of the future. In a sense, we need to be able to foretell the future, to re-enunciate norms and standards as substitutes for the norms and standards left behind by technology.If we fail to do this, the future is bleak, (Loewy). In other words, development of the high and sophisticated technologies may bring a number of troubles in assorted means, as seen in the Frankenstein s work. Moreover, the creation of the novel also comes along with an influence concerning Mary Wollstonecraft (Shelleys mother) who refers Frankenstein to Prometheus who attempts to give the power of the gods to humanity.In her novel, the appearance of the monster is a scientific blame in which the dick dares to imitate God Nature in every thing demands respect, and those who violate her laws seldom violate them with impunity, ( defence force of the Rights of Woman, Wollstonecraft). Hence, the laws of nature should make the boundaries of everyones behavior Victor Frankenstein surpasses such boundaries like the new sophisticated technologies. Cited works Loewy, Erich. Textbook of Medical Ethics. NY Plenum Medical Book Company, 1989, p. 69 Political Justice. bilkent. edu. February 2, 2009. Shelley, Mary. Frankenstein, Or, The Modern Prometheus. Broadview Press Edition 2. Eds. David Lorne Macdonald and Kathleen Dorothy Scherf. Melbourne, Australia The University of Melbourne, 1999 . 364 pp Wollstonecraft, Mary. defensive measure of the Rights of Woman pp 138-139. sa